French verbs ending in -er
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The regular verbs that end in -er are the 1st group verbs in French (except the verbs: aller).
There are different endings in -er:
- -er
- -cer
- -e+consonant+er
- -é+consonant+er
- -ger
- -éger
- -eler or -eter
- -éer
- -ier
- -ayer
- -oyer or -uyer
Lesson outline
Hide- 1.Conjugation of -er verbs in French
- 1.1.Examples
- 2.Grammar rule of -er verbs in French
- 2.1.Verbs ending in -cer
- 2.2.Verbs ending in -ger
- 2.3.Verbs ending in -e + consonant + er
- 2.4.Verbs ending in -eter or -eler
- 2.5.Verbs ending in -oyer and -uyer
- 2.6.Verbs ending in -ayer
- 3.Exercises
- 3.1.Quiz about the conjugation of -er verbs in French
- 3.2.Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs ending in -cer in French
- 3.3.Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verb of -e + consonant + er in French
- 3.4.Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs in -oyer, -ayer, -uyer in French
Conjugation of -er verbs in French
As a general rule, you must remove the ending -er to obtain the radical of the verbs and then add the following endings. The future simple uses the infinitive + endings.
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Examples
aimer (to like)
| présent | imparfait | passé simple | futur simple |
|---|---|---|---|
| j'aime | j'aimais | j'aimai | j'aimerai |
| tu aimes | tu aimais | tu aimas | tu aimeras |
| il/elle/on aime | il/elle/on aimait | il/elle/on aimat | il/elle/on aimera |
| nous aimons | nous aimions | nous aimâmes | nous aimerons |
| vous aimez | vous aimiez | vous aimâtes | vous aimerez |
| ils/elles aiment | ils/elles aimaient | ils/elles aimèrent | ils/elles aimeront |
| passé composé | plus-que-parfait | passé antérieur | futur antérieur |
|---|---|---|---|
| j'ai aimé | j'avais aimé | j'eus aimé | j'aurai aimé |
| tu as aimé | tu avais aimé | tu eus | tu auras aimé |
| il/elle/on a aimé | il/elle/on avait aimé | il/elle/on eut aimé | il/elle/on aura aimé |
| nous avons aimé | nous avions aimé | nous eûmes aimé | nous aurons aimé |
| vous avez aimé | vous aviez aimé | vous eûtes aimé | vous aurez aimé |
| ils/elles ont aimé | ils/elles avaient aimé | ils/elles eurent aimé | ils/elles auront aimé |
The transitive verbs of the 1st group form the compound times with the auxiliary avoir. However, some active verbs with an intransitive meaning form their compound times with the auxiliary être.
Grammar rule of -er verbs in French
Verbs ending in -cer
In the case of regular verbs ending in -cer, you replace the c with ç for the 1st plural pronoun of the present. You also use it for the imperfect tense, the past simple, the subjunctive imperfect and the participle present in order to keep the original sound of the infinitive.
Example: commencer (to begin)
| tenses | examples |
|---|---|
| 1st plural pronoun of the present | nous commençons |
| imperfect | tu commençais |
| past simple | tu commença |
| subjunctive imperfect | que tu commençasses |
| participle present | en commençant |
Verbs ending in -ger
In the case of regular verbs ending in -ger you add an e before the present ending -ons, the imperfect (except the 1st and 2nd plural pronoun), the past simple, the subjunctive imperfect and the participle in order to keep the original sound of the infinitive.
Example: manger (to eat)
| tenses | examples |
|---|---|
| 1st plural pronoun | nous mangeons |
| imperfect | ils mangeaient |
| past simple | il mangea |
| subjunctive imperfect | je mangeasse |
| participle present | mangeant |
Verbs ending in -e + consonant + er
Regular verbs that end in -e + consonant + er and most of those who end up in -é + consonant + er have the particularity to change the penultimate é or e by è when the ending is mute (that is to say the following endings: e, es and ent). You can also use it with the future simple, the conditional and the subjunctive.
| tenses | préférer (to prefer) | acheter (to buy) |
|---|---|---|
| present | il préfère | il achète |
| future simple | il préfèrera | il achètera |
| conditional present | il préfèrerait | il achèterait |
| subjunctive présent | qu'il préfère | qu'il achète |
Verbs ending in -eter or -eler
Most verbs ending in -eter or -eler do not change the e by è, but rather double the consonant into tt or ll when the ending e is mute. You use it with the present (1st, 2nd and 3rd singular pronoun), the future simple and the conditional. the subjunctive uses the 1st, 2st, 3rd singular pronoun.
| tenses | jeter (to throw) | appeler (to call) |
|---|---|---|
| present | je jette | j'appelle |
| future simple | tu jetteras | tu appelleras |
| conditional present | nous jetterions | nous appellerions |
| subjunctive | que vous jetiez | que vous appeliez |
Verbs ending in -oyer and -uyer
Regular verbs in -oyer and -uyer have the particularity to change the y by i in front of the mute syllable. You use it in the present tense (1st, 2nd, 3rd singular pronoun and 3rd plural), the future simple and the conditional.
| tenses | nettoyer (to clean) | ennuyer (to bother) |
|---|---|---|
| present | je nettoie | j'ennuie |
| future simple | je nettoierai | j'ennuierai |
| conditional present | nous nettoierions | nous ennuierions |
Verbs ending in -ayer
Regular verbs ending in -ayer have the distinction to be conjugated in two different ways. They can be conjugated as in the previous case, by changing the y by i before the mute syllable or can be conjugated by keeping the y. used with the same tenses, as the previous case.
| tenses | payer (to pay) |
|---|---|
| present | il paye/il paie |
| future simple | tu payeras/tu paieras |
| conditional present | je payerais/je paierais |
Check out the list of verbs in -er and exercice online
Exercises
- Quiz about the conjugation of -er verbs in French
- Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs ending in -cer in French
- Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verb of -e + consonant + er in French
- Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs in -oyer, -ayer, -uyer in French
Quiz about the conjugation of -er verbs in French
Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs ending in -cer in French
Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verb of -e + consonant + er in French
Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs in -oyer, -ayer, -uyer in French
Exercises
- Quiz about the conjugation of -er verbs in French
- Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs ending in -cer in French
- Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verb of -e + consonant + er in French
- Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs in -oyer, -ayer, -uyer in French
Quiz about the conjugation of -er verbs in French
Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs ending in -cer in French
Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verb of -e + consonant + er in French
Fill in the blank exercise for the regular verbs in -oyer, -ayer, -uyer in French
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