Spanish descriptive adjectives
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Descriptive adjectives (adjetivos descriptivos) describe some quality of the noun.
In Spanish, adjectives must agree in gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) with the noun they modify and they generally follow the substantive they refer to.
Spanish adjectives are usually listed in their masculine singular form in dictionaries.
Here below are the most common masculine endings of descriptive adjectives:
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Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -o | -a |
Plural | -os | -as |
Examples:
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -e | -e |
Plural | -es | -es |
Examples:
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -ista | -ista |
Plural | -istas | -istas |
Examples:
Adjectives that end in a consonant do not change according to gender, but do change for number.
To form the plural, -es has to be added to the singular ending.
Examples:
Adjectives ending in z in the singular change the z to a c before adding the plural ending -es.
Examples:
Adjectives ending in -or, -ón and -ín have feminine forms. When forming the feminine and plural, remember to drop the accent mark if necessary.
Masculine | Feminine | Plural | Examples | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
-or* | -ora | -ores / -oras | trabajador trabajadora trabajadores trabajadoras | hard-working |
-ón | -ona | -ones / -onas | cabezón cabezona cabezones cabezonas | stubborn |
-ín | -ina | -ines / -inas | chiquitín chiquitina chiquitines chiquitines | tiny |
_____________________________________________________________________
* N.B Adjectives ending in -erior do not have a feminine form (e.g. exterior, posterior).
Adjective | Opposite |
---|---|
bonito (pretty) | feo (ugly) |
feliz (happy) | triste (sad) |
alto (tall) | bajo (short) |
grande (big) | pequeño (small) |
fácil (easy) | díficil (difficult) |
divertido (fun) | aburrido (boring) |
rico (rich) | pobre (poor) |
inteligente (clever) | tonto (stupido) |
nuevo (new) | viejo (old) |
abierto (open) | cerrado (closed) |
despierto (awake) | cansado (tired) |
caliente (hot, warm) | frío (cold) |
caro (expensive) | barato (cheap) |
rápido (fast) | lento (slow) |
fuerte (strong) | débil (weak) |
sano (healthy) | enfermo (sick) |
dulce (sweet) | salado (salty) |
limpio (clean) | sucio (dirty) |
seco (dry) | mojado (wet) |
justo (fair) | injusto (unfair) |
lleno (full) | vacío (empty) |
delgado (thin) | gordo (fat) |
bueno (good) | malo (bad) |
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