Pretérito pluscuamperfecto in Spanish
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Lesson outline
Hide- 1.What is the pretérito pluscuamperfecto?
- 1.1.Conjugation of the verb haber
- 1.2.Regularly conjugated past participle of verbs on -AR, -ER, -IR
- 1.3.The complete formation of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto in Spanish (pluperfect)
- 2.Irregularly conjugated participles of verbs
- 3.When to use the pluscuamperfecto?
- 3.1.For an action or event completed in the past before other actions or events.
- 4.Marker words of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- 5.Example sentences
- 6.Example text
- 7.Translation
- 8.Exercises
- 8.1.Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- 8.2.Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
- 8.3.Do you know the most common irregular participles?
What is the pretérito pluscuamperfecto?
The pluperfect tense (Spanish: el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) is one of the compound tenses of the past. It is used to talk about what had happened or had been true at a point in the past. The pretérito pluscuamperfecto has two parts:
- the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb haber
- the past participle (participio) of the verb
pretérito pluscuamperfecto = haber (imperfecto) + participio
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Conjugation of the verb haber
| Personal pronouns | Auxiliary haber in imperfect |
| Yo | había |
| Tú | habías |
| Él / Ella | había |
| Nosotros/-as | habíamos |
| Vosotros/-as | habíais |
| Ellos / Ellas | habían |
Attention! Note that there are written accent marks on the í of all the imperfect forms of haber.
Regularly conjugated past participle of verbs on -AR, -ER, -IR
| Verbs in -ar | Verbs in -er | Verbs in -ir |
| The verb ending is replaced by -ADO | The verb ending is replaced by -IDO | The verb ending is replaced by -IDO |
hablar → hablado viajar → viajado | comer → comido beber → bebido | vivir → vivido sentir→ sentido |
The complete formation of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto in Spanish (pluperfect)
The complete formation of the pluscuamperfecto is made with the conjugated form of the auxiliary verb haber in the imperfect and the participle form of the verb:
| Personal pronoun | Auxiliary haber in imperfect | Participio |
Yo Tu Él/Ella/Usted Nosotros/-as Vosotros/-as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | había habías había habíamos habíais habían | hablado comido vivido |
Irregularly conjugated participles of verbs
There are a few irregular participles in Spanish. Here is a list of the most important exceptions:
| Infinitive | Participle |
| abrir (to open) | abierto (opened) |
| cubrir (to cover) | cubierto (covered) |
| decir (to say) | dicho (said) |
| devolver (to return /to give back) | devuelto (returned) |
| disolver (to dissolve) | disuelto (dissolved) |
| escribir (to write) | escrito (written) |
| hacer (to do) | hecho (done) |
| ir (to go) | ido (gone) |
| morir (to die) | muerto (died) |
| poner (to put) | puesto (put) |
| romper (to break) | roto (broken) |
| ser (to be) | sido (been) |
| ver (to see) | visto (seen) |
| volver (to come back) | vuelto (come) |
When to use the pluscuamperfecto?
The past perfect or pluperfect is another compound tense that is similar in Spanish and English and its use is practically the same in both languages.
For an action or event completed in the past before other actions or events.
- La fiesta había comenzado (The party had started).
- Marta había salido cuando yo entré (Marta had left when I arrived).
Marker words of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
These expressions indicated the use of the pluscuamperfecto.
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| todavía no | not yet |
| aún no | not yet |
| ya | already |
| nunca | never |
| siempre | always (I had always...) |
| en mi vida… | in my life |
Example sentences
- Todavía no había salido de casa. (She had not left home yet)
- Siempre había sido mala comedora. (She had always been a fussy eater)
- Ya había realizado la actividad en el libro. (He had already done the activity in the book)
Example text
“José Arcadio Buendía, que era el hombre más emprendedor que había existido en la tierra, había puesto de tal modo la ubicación de las casas, que desde todas podían llegar al río y recolectar agua con igual esfuerzo, y había organizado las calles con tan buen sentido que ninguna casa recibía más sol que otra, a la hora del calor.”
Texto tomado y adaptado del libro “Cien años de soledad” del autor Gabriel García Márquez.
Translation
"José Arcadio Buendía, who was the most enterprising man that had existed on earth, had put the location of the houses in such a way that they could reach the river and collect water with the same effort, and had organized the streets with good sense that any house received more sun than another, at the time of heat. "
Retrieved and adapted from “Cien años de soledad” del autor Gabriel García Márquez.
Exercises
- Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
- Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
Example
Ya se había ido cuando llegué. (irse / él)
1. Ya nos cuando llamaron al teléfono. (salir/nosotros)
(We had already left when the telephone rang).
2. Nacho de limpiar cuando Paula lo volvió a ensuciar todo. (terminar/ella)
(Nacho had already finished cleaning when Paula made a mess).
3. A pesar de que no entrenar mucho, Laïla corrió la maratón. (poder/ella)
(Even though she hadn't been able to train much, Laïla run the marathon).
4. Sabía que mi amigo no lo suficiente. (estudiar/ él)
(I knew that my friend hadn't studied enough)
5. Me dijo que el conserje no la . (saludar/ella)
(She told me that the concierge hadn't said hello to her)
6. Cuando llegué a casa, mi madre ya (salir/ella)
(When I came back home, my mum had already left)
7. Nunca antes tanto. (trabajar/yo)
(I had never worked that much).
8. La función ya cuando llegamos al teatro. (empezar/ella)
(The show had already started when we arrived to the theatre).
9. Aunque mucho, suspendieron el examen. (estudiar/ellas)
(Even though they had studied a lot, they failed the test).
10. Cuando llegué a la fiesta, ya “Cumpleaños feliz”. (cantar/ellos)
(When I arrived to the party they had already sung "Happy birthday").
Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
Example:
No había trabajado antes. (él-trabajar)
(He hadn't worked before)
1. Ya cuando llegó. (comer- nosotros)
(We had already eaten when he arrived)
2. Nunca lo antes de aquel día. (ver- yo)
(I hadn’t seen him before that day)
3. su coche. (vender- ella)
(She had sold her car).
4. Vosotros mucho tiempo en París. (vivir- vosotros)
(You had lived in Paris for a long time).
5. No nada. (decir- él)
(He hadn’t said anything)
6. mucho ese día. (trabajar- tú)
(You had worked a lot that day)
7. Ellos en España antes. (vivir- ellos)
(They had lived in Spain before)
8. Ya vender la casa. (decidir- nosotros)
(We had already decided to sell the house)
9. Todavía no al cine a ver esa película. (ir- él)
(He still hadn’t gone to the cinema to watch that movie)
10. Ya el examen. (hacer- nosotros)
(We had already done the exam)
Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Example:
Tres personas habían muerto. (ellas- morir)
(Three people had died)
1. Ya la puerta cuando llamó al timbre. (abrir-yo)
(I had already opened the door when he rang the bell)
2. la moto con plástico para que no se mojase de la lluvia. (tú- cubrir)
(You had covered the motorbike with plastic in order to keep it dry from the rain)
3. ¿Qué le ? (decir-tú)
(What did you say to him?)
4. un libro de aventuras. (ella-escribir)
(She had written an adventure book)
5. demasiadas patatas para la cena. (él-freír)
(He had fried too many chips for dinner)
6. Por favor, recuérdame qué para comer.
(Please, remind me what she had made for lunch).
7. un ruido, por eso tenían miedo. (ellos-oír)
(They had heard some noise, that’s why they were scared).
8. Me una bufanda porque pensaba que hacía más frío. (yo-poner)
(I had put on a scarf because I thought it was colder)
9. No le el móvil adrede. (ella-romper)
(She hadn’t broken his phone on purpose)
10. ¡Perdona, no te ! (yo-ver)
(Sorry, I hadn’t seen you!)
Exercises
- Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
- Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
Example
Ya se había ido cuando llegué. (irse / él)
1. Ya nos cuando llamaron al teléfono. (salir/nosotros)
(We had already left when the telephone rang).
2. Nacho de limpiar cuando Paula lo volvió a ensuciar todo. (terminar/ella)
(Nacho had already finished cleaning when Paula made a mess).
3. A pesar de que no entrenar mucho, Laïla corrió la maratón. (poder/ella)
(Even though she hadn't been able to train much, Laïla run the marathon).
4. Sabía que mi amigo no lo suficiente. (estudiar/ él)
(I knew that my friend hadn't studied enough)
5. Me dijo que el conserje no la . (saludar/ella)
(She told me that the concierge hadn't said hello to her)
6. Cuando llegué a casa, mi madre ya (salir/ella)
(When I came back home, my mum had already left)
7. Nunca antes tanto. (trabajar/yo)
(I had never worked that much).
8. La función ya cuando llegamos al teatro. (empezar/ella)
(The show had already started when we arrived to the theatre).
9. Aunque mucho, suspendieron el examen. (estudiar/ellas)
(Even though they had studied a lot, they failed the test).
10. Cuando llegué a la fiesta, ya “Cumpleaños feliz”. (cantar/ellos)
(When I arrived to the party they had already sung "Happy birthday").
Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
Example:
No había trabajado antes. (él-trabajar)
(He hadn't worked before)
1. Ya cuando llegó. (comer- nosotros)
(We had already eaten when he arrived)
2. Nunca lo antes de aquel día. (ver- yo)
(I hadn’t seen him before that day)
3. su coche. (vender- ella)
(She had sold her car).
4. Vosotros mucho tiempo en París. (vivir- vosotros)
(You had lived in Paris for a long time).
5. No nada. (decir- él)
(He hadn’t said anything)
6. mucho ese día. (trabajar- tú)
(You had worked a lot that day)
7. Ellos en España antes. (vivir- ellos)
(They had lived in Spain before)
8. Ya vender la casa. (decidir- nosotros)
(We had already decided to sell the house)
9. Todavía no al cine a ver esa película. (ir- él)
(He still hadn’t gone to the cinema to watch that movie)
10. Ya el examen. (hacer- nosotros)
(We had already done the exam)
Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Example:
Tres personas habían muerto. (ellas- morir)
(Three people had died)
1. Ya la puerta cuando llamó al timbre. (abrir-yo)
(I had already opened the door when he rang the bell)
2. la moto con plástico para que no se mojase de la lluvia. (tú- cubrir)
(You had covered the motorbike with plastic in order to keep it dry from the rain)
3. ¿Qué le ? (decir-tú)
(What did you say to him?)
4. un libro de aventuras. (ella-escribir)
(She had written an adventure book)
5. demasiadas patatas para la cena. (él-freír)
(He had fried too many chips for dinner)
6. Por favor, recuérdame qué para comer.
(Please, remind me what she had made for lunch).
7. un ruido, por eso tenían miedo. (ellos-oír)
(They had heard some noise, that’s why they were scared).
8. Me una bufanda porque pensaba que hacía más frío. (yo-poner)
(I had put on a scarf because I thought it was colder)
9. No le el móvil adrede. (ella-romper)
(She hadn’t broken his phone on purpose)
10. ¡Perdona, no te ! (yo-ver)
(Sorry, I hadn’t seen you!)
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First of all, I need to know your goal because it would let me design a plan especially for you to help you achieve it. Generally, we will follow the communicative approach. We don’t just dive right into verb tenses or lists of vocabulary words. Instead, I prefer to teach you the ins-and-outs of the Spanish language in a more different way! So, we will be using a variety of resources such as movies, songs, essays, stories, news and interviews, etc.
If you want to know more about me, I should say I´m studying Advanced Hispanic Studies for a PHD degree at the University of Valencia. I hold a master´s degree in General Linguistics and a Bachelor's degree in Spanish Language. As a teacher, I’ve held online classes, face to face classes and several courses at different institutes and the University of Applied Science and Technology in my country of origin, Iran.
One thing more, I am a big fan of learning new languages and like to do it enjoying it. I will always make sure that you are enjoying learning Spanish.
Don’t hesitate more and let’s start together. Why don't you just book your first session with me?
P. K.
We took group lessons with Elnaz in Spanish. Her teaching method is efficient and clear. Her communication is quick and very friendly. Would recommend her as a teacher!
Elnaz G.
Spanish native speaker, lessons for all levels ONLINE and presidential (Rome)!
S. E.
Lourdes is a great teacher! She has an easy going personality that makes you very comfortable during the class! I can be a little bit awkward when I talk to someone for the first time, but I didn't feel that at all during our first session! She always has a positive energy which is very encouraging. I've tried free trials with another teacher who I'm sure is good as well but the sessions lasted 15 min. Lourdes The free trial class was 1 hour and it felt exactly like the ones I paid for! The materials she uses are easy to follow but challenging enough to make steady progress. I would recommend her for anyone who is looking for an excellent and patient teacher with captivating personality!
Lourdes B.
Hello, students of English! I'm an American who teaches English classes at a French university. I have a life-long passion for foreign languages. Apart from French, I also speak fluent Spanish and have an intermediate level in Portuguese.
Teaching my native language is not only a language exchange, but a cultural exchange allowing me to connect with people from many diverse backgrounds.
All levels are welcome, and we can work with whatever you want (conversation classes, writing, etc.) The first lesson is always free, and allows me to do a level test.
C. B.
Julia is a great English teacher ! She teaches English for kids, students and adults and she has teaching experience at a French university. She has many teaching tools and she adapts each courses according level, demands and liking of the student. Student can be in confidence with her and improve her/him English pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary by oral or writing comprehension, pictures or exercises. I recommend her !
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Julia Christine F.