Formation of adverbs in Spanish (-mente)
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Spanish adverbs appear in a wide variety of forms:
Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding the suffix -mente to the feminine form of adjectives.
This ending corresponds to -ly in English.
Adjective | Feminine form | Adverb | English |
---|---|---|---|
lento | lenta | lentamente | slowly |
tranquilo | tranquila | tranquilamente | calmly |
When adjectives end in -e or a consonant, the suffix -mente is added in the singular form.
Adjective | Adverb | English |
---|---|---|
triste | tristemente | sadly |
fácil* | facilmente | easily |
* If an adjective has an accent mark, the corresponding adverb retains the accent mark.
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the -mente ending.
Example:
Juan le habló clara y seriamente. (Juan talked to him/her clearly and seriously.)
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In everyday language, -mente adverbs would be likely replaced by the following adverbial expressions:
Adverbial expression | English translation |
---|---|
a menudo | frequently, often |
a veces | sometimes |
al final | in the end |
al mismo tiempo | at the same time |
con alegría | happily |
con facilidad | easily |
con frecuencia | frequently |
con rapidez | quickly |
con tristeza | sadly |
de día | in the daytime |
de noche | at night |
de nuevo | again |
de repente | suddenly |
de verdad | really |
por fin | finally |
por suerte | fortunately |
por supuesto | of course |
por último | finally |
sin duda | without a doubt |
sin razón | without (a) reason |
Other adverbial expressions are formed with verb forms and other adverbs.
Adverbial expression | English translation |
---|---|
aquí abajo | down here |
al atardecer | at dusk |
al frente de | in front of |
al parecer | apparently |
al salir el sol | at sunrise |
allí arriba | up there |
cerca de | near (to) |
de ahora en adelante | from now on |
de veras | really, truly |
de vez en cuando | once in a while |
desde aquí | from here |
desde entonces | since then |
hasta aquí | up to here |
por lo visto | apparently, evidently |
Some adverbs do not follow any pattern of origination, and need to be memorized.
Adverb | English translation |
---|---|
aquí | here |
bastante | quite |
despacio | slowly |
mucho | many |
muy | very |
nunca | never |
siempre | always |
Some adjectives serve as adverbs as well.
When used as adverbs, these forms do not change in gender and number.
Adjective as adverb | English translation |
---|---|
alto | loudly |
bajo | quietly, softly |
claro | clearly |
directo | directly |
duro | hard, intensely |
fatal | bad(ly), terribly |
fuerte | loudly, strongly |
mal | bad(ly) |
rápido | quickly |
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