Formation of adverbs in Spanish (-mente)
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Spanish adverbs appear in a wide variety of forms:
Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding the suffix -mente to the feminine form of adjectives.
This ending corresponds to -ly in English.
Adjective | Feminine form | Adverb | English |
---|---|---|---|
lento | lenta | lentamente | slowly |
tranquilo | tranquila | tranquilamente | calmly |
When adjectives end in -e or a consonant, the suffix -mente is added in the singular form.
Adjective | Adverb | English |
---|---|---|
triste | tristemente | sadly |
fácil* | facilmente | easily |
* If an adjective has an accent mark, the corresponding adverb retains the accent mark.
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the -mente ending.
Example:
Juan le habló clara y seriamente. (Juan talked to him/her clearly and seriously.)
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In everyday language, -mente adverbs would be likely replaced by the following adverbial expressions:
Adverbial expression | English translation |
---|---|
a menudo | frequently, often |
a veces | sometimes |
al final | in the end |
al mismo tiempo | at the same time |
con alegría | happily |
con facilidad | easily |
con frecuencia | frequently |
con rapidez | quickly |
con tristeza | sadly |
de día | in the daytime |
de noche | at night |
de nuevo | again |
de repente | suddenly |
de verdad | really |
por fin | finally |
por suerte | fortunately |
por supuesto | of course |
por último | finally |
sin duda | without a doubt |
sin razón | without (a) reason |
Other adverbial expressions are formed with verb forms and other adverbs.
Adverbial expression | English translation |
---|---|
aquí abajo | down here |
al atardecer | at dusk |
al frente de | in front of |
al parecer | apparently |
al salir el sol | at sunrise |
allí arriba | up there |
cerca de | near (to) |
de ahora en adelante | from now on |
de veras | really, truly |
de vez en cuando | once in a while |
desde aquí | from here |
desde entonces | since then |
hasta aquí | up to here |
por lo visto | apparently, evidently |
Some adverbs do not follow any pattern of origination, and need to be memorized.
Adverb | English translation |
---|---|
aquí | here |
bastante | quite |
despacio | slowly |
mucho | many |
muy | very |
nunca | never |
siempre | always |
Some adjectives serve as adverbs as well.
When used as adverbs, these forms do not change in gender and number.
Adjective as adverb | English translation |
---|---|
alto | loudly |
bajo | quietly, softly |
claro | clearly |
directo | directly |
duro | hard, intensely |
fatal | bad(ly), terribly |
fuerte | loudly, strongly |
mal | bad(ly) |
rápido | quickly |
Please keep in mind that:
- adverbs ending in -o add -mente to the feminine form (e.g. claro < clara < clara-mente)
- adjectives ending in -e or a consonant add -mente to the singular form (e.g diligente < diligente-mente)
Rápido (fast)
rápidomente
rápidamente
Feliz (happy)
felizamente
felizmente
Fácil (easy)
fácilmente
fácilamente
Inteligente (clever)
inteligentemente
inteligentamente
Ligero (light)
ligeramente
ligeromente
Alegre (happy, cheerful)
alegramente
alegremente
Último (last)
últimamente
últimomente
Dulce (sweet)
dulcemente
dulcesmente
Necesario (necessary)
necesariomente
necesariamente
Débil (weak)
débilamente
débilmente
Please keep in mind that:
- adverbs ending in -o add -mente to the feminine form (e.g. claro < clara < clara-mente)
- adjectives ending in -e or a consonant add -mente to the singular form (e.g diligente < diligente-mente)
Rápido (fast)
rápidamente
Feliz (happy)
felizmente
Fácil (easy)
fácilmente
Inteligente (clever)
inteligentemente
Ligero (light)
ligeramente
Alegre (happy, cheerful)
alegremente
Último (last)
últimamente
Dulce (sweet)
dulcemente
Necesario (necessary)
necesariamente
Débil (weak)
débilmente
Have a look at the given English translations.
1- voy a Albacete a ver a mis tíos. (I often go to Albacete to visit my uncles.)
2- te portas como un niño. (Sometimes you act like a child.)
3- no estaba interesado en ella. (He was not really interested in her.)
4- nos iremos juntos a Bruselas. (Of course, we will go to Brussels together.)
5- , no se enteraba de lo que estaba pasando. (She seemed not to realize what was going on.)
6- estaré a tu lado. (I will always be by your side.)
7- Mariano canta . (Mariano sings terribly.)
8- estas informaciones deberán estar públicas. (From now on that information will have to be of public domain.)
9- Se mudó de casa . (He suddenly moved home.)
10- Salimos para Benidorm . (We set off for Benidorm in the daytime.)
Please keep in mind that:
- adverbs ending in -o add -mente to the feminine form (e.g. claro < clara < clara-mente)
- adjectives ending in -e or a consonant add -mente to the singular form (e.g diligente < diligente-mente)
Rápido (fast)
rápidomente
rápidamente
Feliz (happy)
felizamente
felizmente
Fácil (easy)
fácilamente
fácilmente
Inteligente (clever)
inteligentemente
inteligentamente
Ligero (light)
ligeromente
ligeramente
Alegre (happy, cheerful)
alegramente
alegremente
Último (last)
últimomente
últimamente
Dulce (sweet)
dulcemente
dulcesmente
Necesario (necessary)
necesariomente
necesariamente
Débil (weak)
débilmente
débilamente
Please keep in mind that:
- adverbs ending in -o add -mente to the feminine form (e.g. claro < clara < clara-mente)
- adjectives ending in -e or a consonant add -mente to the singular form (e.g diligente < diligente-mente)
Rápido (fast)
rápidamente
Feliz (happy)
felizmente
Fácil (easy)
fácilmente
Inteligente (clever)
inteligentemente
Ligero (light)
ligeramente
Alegre (happy, cheerful)
alegremente
Último (last)
últimamente
Dulce (sweet)
dulcemente
Necesario (necessary)
necesariamente
Débil (weak)
débilmente
Have a look at the given English translations.
1- voy a Albacete a ver a mis tíos. (I often go to Albacete to visit my uncles.)
2- te portas como un niño. (Sometimes you act like a child.)
3- no estaba interesado en ella. (He was not really interested in her.)
4- nos iremos juntos a Bruselas. (Of course, we will go to Brussels together.)
5- , no se enteraba de lo que estaba pasando. (She seemed not to realize what was going on.)
6- estaré a tu lado. (I will always be by your side.)
7- Mariano canta . (Mariano sings terribly.)
8- estas informaciones deberán estar públicas. (From now on that information will have to be of public domain.)
9- Se mudó de casa . (He suddenly moved home.)
10- Salimos para Benidorm . (We set off for Benidorm in the daytime.)
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