Spanish descriptive adjectives
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Descriptive adjectives (adjetivos descriptivos) describe some quality of the noun.
In Spanish, adjectives must agree in gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) with the noun they modify and they generally follow the substantive they refer to.
Spanish adjectives are usually listed in their masculine singular form in dictionaries.
Here below are the most common masculine endings of descriptive adjectives:
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Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -o | -a |
Plural | -os | -as |
Examples:
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -e | -e |
Plural | -es | -es |
Examples:
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | -ista | -ista |
Plural | -istas | -istas |
Examples:
Adjectives that end in a consonant do not change according to gender, but do change for number.
To form the plural, -es has to be added to the singular ending.
Examples:
Adjectives ending in z in the singular change the z to a c before adding the plural ending -es.
Examples:
Adjectives ending in -or, -ón and -ín have feminine forms. When forming the feminine and plural, remember to drop the accent mark if necessary.
Masculine | Feminine | Plural | Examples | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
-or* | -ora | -ores / -oras | trabajador trabajadora trabajadores trabajadoras | hard-working |
-ón | -ona | -ones / -onas | cabezón cabezona cabezones cabezonas | stubborn |
-ín | -ina | -ines / -inas | chiquitín chiquitina chiquitines chiquitines | tiny |
_____________________________________________________________________
* N.B Adjectives ending in -erior do not have a feminine form (e.g. exterior, posterior).
Adjective | Opposite |
---|---|
bonito (pretty) | feo (ugly) |
feliz (happy) | triste (sad) |
alto (tall) | bajo (short) |
grande (big) | pequeño (small) |
fácil (easy) | díficil (difficult) |
divertido (fun) | aburrido (boring) |
rico (rich) | pobre (poor) |
inteligente (clever) | tonto (stupido) |
nuevo (new) | viejo (old) |
abierto (open) | cerrado (closed) |
despierto (awake) | cansado (tired) |
caliente (hot, warm) | frío (cold) |
caro (expensive) | barato (cheap) |
rápido (fast) | lento (slow) |
fuerte (strong) | débil (weak) |
sano (healthy) | enfermo (sick) |
dulce (sweet) | salado (salty) |
limpio (clean) | sucio (dirty) |
seco (dry) | mojado (wet) |
justo (fair) | injusto (unfair) |
lleno (full) | vacío (empty) |
delgado (thin) | gordo (fat) |
bueno (good) | malo (bad) |
Pay attention to the masculine / singular form endings and to the nouns the adjectives refer to.
1- El gato bonito
La gata
Los gatos
Las gatas
2- El hombre idealista
La mujer
Los hombres
Las mujeres
3- El libro azul
La novela
Los libros
Las novelas
4- El profesor capaz
La profesora
Los profesores
La profesoras
5- El hermano trabajador
La hermana
Los hermanos
Las hermanas
6- El niño cabezón
La niña
Los niños
Las niñas
7- El doctor competente
La doctora
Los doctores
Las doctoras
8- El abrigo amarillo
La falda
Los abrigos
Las faldas
9- El coche veloz
La furgoneta
Los coches
Las furgonetas
10- El bizcocho dulce
La tarta
Los bizcochos
Las tartas
Pay attention to the masculine / singular form endings and to the nouns the adjectives refer to.
1- El gato bonito
La gata
Los gatos
Las gatas
2- El hombre idealista
La mujer
Los hombres
Las mujeres
3- El libro azul
La novela
Los libros
Las novelas
4- El profesor capaz
La profesora
Los profesores
La profesoras
5- El hermano trabajador
La hermana
Los hermanos
Las hermanas
6- El niño cabezón
La niña
Los niños
Las niñas
7- El doctor competente
La doctora
Los doctores
Las doctoras
8- El abrigo amarillo
La falda
Los abrigos
Las faldas
9- El coche veloz
La furgoneta
Los coches
Las furgonetas
10- El bizcocho dulce
La tarta
Los bizcochos
Las tartas
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