Gender and number of Spanish adjectives
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Adjectives must agree in gender (masculine, feminine) and number (singular, plural) with the noun they modify.
- Esta camisa negra me la compró mi hermana. (My sister bought me this black shirt.)
- Me encantan los zapatos rojos. (I love red shoes.)
Lesson outline
Hide- 1.Masculine, feminine and plural forms of adjectives
- 1.1.Adjectives ending in -o (masculine)
- 1.2.Adjectives ending in -e and consonant (both masculine and feminine)
- 1.3.Adjectives ending in -z (both masculine and feminine)
- 2.Other masculine, feminine and plural endings
- 2.1.Adjectives ending in -án, -dor and -ón (masculine)
- 2.2.Adjectives of nationality ending in -o (masculine)
- 2.3.Adjectives ending in -és
- 2.4.Adjectives of nationality ending in -a, -án, -ense and í (both masculine and feminine)
- 2.5.Compound adjectives
- 3.Exercises
- 3.1.Masculine and feminine adjectives practice quiz
- 3.2.Masculine or feminine? Singular or plural?
Masculine, feminine and plural forms of adjectives
Adjectives are either masculine or feminine, singular or plural according to the noun they modify.
Here are some categories regarding the gender and number of adjectives:
- adjectives ending in -o (masculine)
- adjectives ending in -e and consonant (both masculine and feminine)
- nouns ending in -z
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1. Adjectives ending in -o (masculine)
Masculine -o ending changes to -a in the feminine form. To form the plural, an -s is added to the singular ending.
| Masculine | Feminine | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| alto (tall) | alta | altos/altas |
| bonito (pretty) | bonita | bonitos/bonitas |
| feo (ugly) | fea | feos/feas |
2. Adjectives ending in -e and consonant (both masculine and feminine)
Some adjectives have the same form for both masculine and feminine.
To form the plural, add -s to adjectives ending in -e, while -es to adjectives ending in consonant.
| Masculine / Feminine | Plural form |
|---|---|
| dulce (sweet) | dulces |
| grande (big) | grandes |
| débil* (weak) | débiles |
| azul (blue) | azules |
3. Adjectives ending in -z (both masculine and feminine)
Adjectives ending in -z have the same form for both masculine and femenine, while to form the plural, z turns into c before adding the plural -es ending.
| Masculine / Feminine | Plural form |
|---|---|
| capaz (capable) | capaces |
| feliz (happy) | felices |
| veloz (fast) | veloces |
Other masculine, feminine and plural endings
Here are some other categories regarding the gender and number of adjectives:
- adjectives ending in -án, -dor and -ón (masculine)
- adjectives of nationality ending in -o (masculine)
- adjectives ending in -és (masculine)
- adjectives of nationality ending in -a, -án, -ense and í (both masculine and feminine)
- compound adjectives
1. Adjectives ending in -án, -dor and -ón (masculine)
To form the feminine form, add -a to the masculine ending.The plural form is created by adding -es to the masculine ending and -s to the feminine one.
The accent mark is dropped in both cases.
| Masculine | Feminine | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| charlatán (talkative) | charlatana | charlatanes/charlatanas |
| trabajador (hard-working) | trabajadora | trabajadores/trabajadoras |
| cabezón (stubborn) | cabezona | cabezones/cabezonas |
2. Adjectives of nationality ending in -o (masculine)
To form the feminine, this type of adjectives drops the -o and add -a. The plural form is created by adding -s to the singular form.
| Masculine | Feminine | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| colombiano (Colombian) | colombiana | colombianos/colombianas |
| griego (Greek) | griega | griegos/griegas |
| italiano (Italian) | italiana | italianos/italianas |
3. Adjectives ending in -és
To form the feminine, this type of adjectives adds the -a to the masculine ending. The plural form is created by adding -s to the masculine form and -es to the feminine.
The accent mark is dropped in both cases.
| Masculine | Feminine | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| francés (French) | francesa | franceses/francesas |
| inglés (English) | inglesa | ingleses/inglesas |
| holandés (Dutch) | holandesa | holandeses/holandesas |
4. Adjectives of nationality ending in -a, -án, -ense and í (both masculine and feminine)
| Masculine / Feminine | Plural form |
|---|---|
| belga (Belgian) | belgas |
| alemán* (German) | alemanes |
| costarricense (Costa Rican) | costarricenses |
| iraquí* (Iraqi) | iraquís / iraquíes |
5. Compound adjectives
Compound adjectives add the plural to the last element.
| Singular form | Plural form | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| relación sino-estadounidense | relaciones sino-estadounidenses | Chinese-U.S relations |
| sociedad multicultural | sociedades multiculturales | multicultural societies |
__________________________________________________________________
*Please note that some adjectives may keep or drop the accent mark on their plural form.
Exercises
Masculine and feminine adjectives practice quiz
Solution
The endless journey
El viaje interminable
The French woman
La mujer francesa
The little house
La casa pequeña
The sad little boy
El niño triste
The talkative brother
El hermano charlatán
The hard-working girl
La chica trabajadora
The old plane
El avión viejo
The capable lawyer
La abogada capaz
The blue sky
El cielo azul
The black shirt
La camisa negra
Masculine or feminine? Singular or plural?
Pay attention to the gender and number of the noun the adjective refers to.
1- Negro: Amanda prefiere las faldas . (Amanda prefers black skirts.)
2- Capaz: Ellos son profesores . (They are capable professors.)
3- Entretenido: ¿Viste esta película ? (Did you see that entertaining movie?)
4- Dulce: Quiero comprar unas galletas . (I want some sweet biscuits.)
5- Trabajador: Mis hermanos son muy . (My siblings are very hard-working.)
6- Grande: El patio de mi abuela es muy . (My grandmother's courtyard is very big.)
7- Elegante: Siempre me regalan corbatas . (They always give me elegant ties.)
8- Escocés: La novia de Miguel es . (Miguel's girlfriend is Scottish.)
9- Blanco: Esos zapatos son de España. (Those white shoes are from Spain.)
10- Hablador: Mi hermana es muy . (My sister is very chatty.)
Exercises
Masculine and feminine adjectives practice quiz
Solution
The endless journey
El viaje interminable
The French woman
La mujer francesa
The little house
La casa pequeña
The sad little boy
El niño triste
The talkative brother
El hermano charlatán
The hard-working girl
La chica trabajadora
The old plane
El avión viejo
The capable lawyer
La abogada capaz
The blue sky
El cielo azul
The black shirt
La camisa negra
Masculine or feminine? Singular or plural?
Pay attention to the gender and number of the noun the adjective refers to.
1- Negro: Amanda prefiere las faldas . (Amanda prefers black skirts.)
2- Capaz: Ellos son profesores . (They are capable professors.)
3- Entretenido: ¿Viste esta película ? (Did you see that entertaining movie?)
4- Dulce: Quiero comprar unas galletas . (I want some sweet biscuits.)
5- Trabajador: Mis hermanos son muy . (My siblings are very hard-working.)
6- Grande: El patio de mi abuela es muy . (My grandmother's courtyard is very big.)
7- Elegante: Siempre me regalan corbatas . (They always give me elegant ties.)
8- Escocés: La novia de Miguel es . (Miguel's girlfriend is Scottish.)
9- Blanco: Esos zapatos son de España. (Those white shoes are from Spain.)
10- Hablador: Mi hermana es muy . (My sister is very chatty.)
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