English pronunciation and phonetics
Sign up for free to get all information about private lessons and our available group courses (A1, A2, B2, B2, C1, C2)
Sign up for freeSign up for free to get all information about private lessons and our available group courses (A1, A2, B2, B2, C1, C2)
Sign up for freeWe offer both private lessons and organized group courses
Sign up for free to get all available courses or contact one of our teachers yourself!
Our offer
The English language has an extensive amount of phonetic sounds and different types of pronunciation acquired through its long history and influences. By learning the most common sounds in the form of vowels and consonants you should be able to pronounce properly most words and letters.
Take online language lessons with a professional teacher
Vowels are part of the speech in the form of sound or a letter. They are pronounced with an open vocal tract. The English vowels are: 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'. The vowel can be pronounced differently in different words, see the table below.
Letter | Vowel sound | Pronunciation examples |
---|---|---|
A | /æ/ | Cat, Black, Hat |
A | /ɑ:/ | Spark, Dark, Arm |
A, E | /ə/ | Sofa, Alive, Kingdom |
A, U, O | /ɔ:/ | Bored, Horse, Law |
E, I, U | /ɜ:/ | Bird, Learn, Casual |
E | /i:/ | Sheep, See, Eat |
I | /i/ | Hit, Sit, Ship |
O | /əʊ/ | Go, Hole, Alone |
O | /ɒ/ | Rob, Hot, Top |
O, U | /u:/ | Blue, Few, Chew, |
U | /ʊ/ | Should, Put, Look |
U | /ʌ/ | One, Cup, Fun |
Consonants are part of the speech in the form of a sound. Upon pronouncing them there is a partial air block and not-pronouncing certain letters. In English, their list is quite extensive.
Letter | Consonant sound | Pronunciation examples |
---|---|---|
B | /b/ | Bed, Banana, Book |
CH | /tʃ/ | Church, Cheese, Watch |
CH | /x/ | Loch |
G | /g/ | August, Give, Grass |
G | /ʒ/ | Garage, Casual, Television |
H | /h/ | Hear, Hand, Hold |
J | /dʒ/ | Juice, January, Juggle |
L | /,l/ | Low, Critical, Little |
M | /m/ | More, Make, Mother |
N | /n/ | Knew, Nest, Turn |
N | /,n/ | Threaten |
N | /ŋ/ | Song, Finger, King |
P | /p/ | Pin, Apple, Pause |
R | /r/ | Responsible, Ring, Rap |
S | /s/ | Snake, Snow, Sick |
S | /ʃ/ | Show, Shirt, Cash |
T | /t/ | Transport, Train, Late |
T | /ð/ | That, Others, There |
T | /θ/ | Think, Bath, The |
V | /v/ | View, Very, Cave |
W | /w/ | Waste, We, Wait |
W | /hw/ | Wheel |
X | /ɡz/ | Examine |
X | /ks/ | Taxi, Max, Tax |
X | /z/ | Xenophobic, X-ray |
Z | /z/ | Result, Maximize |
Diphthongs are vowels that were created by the combination of two vowel sounds with the same syllable. They are very commonly used and vital to learn by heart.
Diphthong | Pronunciation examples |
---|---|
/aɪ/ | Buy, Eye, Pie |
/eɪ/ | Day, Okay, Pay |
/ɔɪ/ | Toy, Boy, Coy |
/ɪə/ | Beer, Ear, Dear |
/eə/ | Air, Fair, Hair |
/aʊ/ | How, Mouth, Cow |
/əʊ/ | Phone, Nose, Dose |
/ʊə/ | Sure, Pure, Endure |
In the English language some consonants are voiced and some are unvoiced. The table below shows the unvoiced consonants with their voiced counterparts.
Unvoiced | Voiced |
---|---|
s | z |
k | g |
f | v |
th | th |
ch | g |
p | b |
sh | j |
t | d |
There are two types of 'th', the unvoiced and voiced pronunciation.
The 'th' sound will be voiceless at the beginning of a content word. A content word is a word that add a meaning to a sentence, for example nouns, verbs or adjectives. The 'th' is unvoiced in the middle of words when it is before a consonant. The 'th' sound is voiceless when it is at the end of words, except for the word 'with'.
Examples of the unvoiced 'th':
The 'th' is voiced when it is at the beginning of the function word. A function word is a word that doesn't mean a specific action. The 'th' is voiced when it is in the middle of words between two vowels. The 'th' at the end of the word 'with' is voiced.
Examples of the voiced 'th':
The examples below show the different pronunciation between the 'sp' and 'st'.
The letters 'v' and 'w' have a different pronunciation, to understand the difference listen to the words below.
The rule to learn for the pronunciation of the letter 'r' is:
Most English vowels have a long vowel sound and short vowel sound depending on the word.
The letter 'a' has a long sound, sounds like 'ei' and a short sound, sounds like 'ah'.
In words that include '-ought', '-aught', '-alk' or '-aw', the 'a' sound is pronounced like 'oh'.
The long sound of the letter 'e' is pronounced as 'ee'. The short sound of the letter 'e' is pronounced as 'eh'.
When the letter 'Y' is at the end of a word that has more than one syllable and when the letters 'ie' are together, they are pronounced as a long 'e'. For example: lady, funny, believe, piece.
The long vowel 'i' sounds like 'aiy'. The short vowel 'i' sounds like 'ih'.
When the letter 'y' is at the end of a word that has one syllable it is pronounced as a long 'i'. For example: my, bye, why.
The long vowel 'o' sounds like 'ooh'. The short vowel 'o' is pronounced as 'oh'.
When the letter 'o' is followed by another vowel it is still pronounced as 'ooh'. For example: boat, toe.
The long sound of the vowel 'u' is the pronounced like 'yu'. The short vowel 'u' sounds like 'uh'.
When the letter 'u' is followed by the vowels 'e' or 'i' it is still pronounced as a long vowel 'u'. For example: fruit, clue.
There are some words in English that have the two 'oo' sound.
When the letters 'oo' follow the letter 'l', it is pronounced as a short 'u' sound. For example: flood, blood.
Unlike in other platforms, all our teachers are manually verified by our professional team. Trust in the experiences of our students.
Let me help you improve your English for any purpose. I am a native English speaker with a Master's degree in English, a Bachelor of Science degree and a CELTA teaching qualification.
I have been teaching for four years. As a copy-editor, I have been helping people improve their written English for over ten years (so yes, I can edit documents for you). Interviews: send me your CV and the job description and I will help you prepare.
Ready for certification? I will help you get ready for English language proficiency exams (TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, OET, C1 (CAE), C2 (CPE).)
We CAN meet free of charge (just book a FREE CHAT for 20 minutes) to discuss your learning needs/my teaching methods and to start talking.
It is useful if you take a quick online test to establish a starting point: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/test-your-english/general-english/ Please let me know the results A1/2 B1/2 C1/2.
If you need to reschedule, please do so 24 hours in advance to avoid being charged.
NB If you are writing a test like IELTS or TOEFL 'in a month or two' and you need to obtain a minimum score to enter a university, remember that according to education bodies like British Council and Cambridge English, it takes an average of 120-130 lesson hours to move from one level or band to the next. So with 'one or two' months, you need to already be at B2 or Upper Intermediate level to start preparing.
For B2-C2 level students who enjoy photography: Would you would like to improve your English conversation and your photography? In a typical lesson, you will show me your latest photos and describe how and why you took them. Then we will discuss how photos are assessed in photographic competitions and, if necessary, we can go over the essentials of using a digital camera (although it's perfectly fine if you use your mobile phone to take photos).
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Sandra is a very experienced and kind teacher. She is amazing at making you feel at ease, so that you can really enjoy your class and focus on your learning. She provides great learning materials and organises the lesson according to your needs and level.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I am a BA in Education graduate, with vast experience in primary, secondary and higher education levels, as well as in other activities related to education. I believe I have a diverse background which makes me a very adaptable teacher and with a lot to offer.
Most of my experience is in high school ,in adult education and university students. I have been able to develop a good relationship with my students, which has translated to better communication and an altogether more rounded experience for them and myself. My lesson planning has always aimed to reflect my students’ needs and interest applied into useful communicative language structures that they can actually use in their lives.
In my last years as a teacher, I have focused on preparing test-takers for the TOEFL. It has been a completely different experience from what I have had before, but I have helped my students accomplish the desired scores in the proposed time.
I believe in making the learning of a new language something exciting and not frightening at all, but challenging and gratifying instead. My material is dynamic and keeps my students engaged and continuesly developing their communiation skills.
I am flexible with my students' time and shcedule; naturally, it is open for deliberation if needed. I look forward to helping you get to the desired goals you set foryourself!
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Daniel is great!He was very kind in every lesson, and patient in explaining things to me that I did not understand. very easy to understand !! I definitely want to continue taking classes with him!
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
**** Please contact me before booking a lesson, thanks! :-)*** Hello everyone, I'm Federica and I'm an italian and english teacher. Before being a teacher I've been a student infact I graduated in languages so I know very well how hard can be learning a new language. I'm interested in music, cinema, literature and I enjoy talking about several topics. I've been teaching since 2009 and in 2012 I've qualified as italian language teacher. I've experience with children and adults, with in company courses, with total beginners as well as with advanced. Also I've succesfully prepared a number of students for the most important english and italian certification (CELI, CILS, FIRST, PET, KET). Over the last years I've became specialized in one-to-one or small groups lessons because in this way I can create a tailored programme for each student. I follow a communicative approach and in my classes there's lot of room for speaking but I don't neglect grammar, listening and writing. I provide you with material, sometimes selfmade, other times taken from books, videos, or songs, but always useful to help you to immerse in the target language! At the end of every lesson I always assign homework in order to revise the things learnt. I define myself as a happy, positive and very patient person and I do my best to make the class a funny and relaxed moment. I look forward to meet you online!
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
After a year of classes with Federica, I can only say that she is an excellent teacher, I am very satisfied with my progress
Federica C.Thanks a lot! It's amazing how much progress you've made with English in one year! Keep going like this!
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Hello!
Do you want to learn Italian from zero or improve your language level? Do you need to pass a language certification's exam?
My name is Alessio, and I am and experienced Italian instructor with passion for my job.
Contact me, and we can discuss together a customized plan of lessons.
Alessio
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I learn Italian with Alessio and I would say that it's a great experience. He is a very thoughtful teacher who puts a lot of thought into how he presents the material. He paces me just right so I feel myself challenged but not overwhelmed. His lessons are engaging, useful, and he is very patient. I would highly recommend him to anyone interested in learning Italian.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I want to help people to improve the level of their chosen language.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I really want to thank the teacher for their patience, perfectly prepared lessons, a friendly and warm learning atmosphere. Throughout the years of study, Nancy helped me tremendously. I highly recommend her to everyone, she's an excellent teacher.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Hi! My name is Joyce and I am from Glasgow in Scotland. I’m looking forward to meeting you online to help you improve your English!
I have a degree in French and German, and have worked in tourism for over 30 years, living in many different parts of the world. I love learning about and getting to know different cultures.
I love travelling and have been fortunate enough to work as an overseas representative, and then manager, for British tour operators in such diverse places as Bulgaria, Spain, Jamaica, Italy, Austria, Paris, Thailand and Cancún, where our objective was always to provide the best possible service to our customers, the holidaymakers.
I then stayed in Cancún, spending over 15 years with Mexico’s principal travel company in the growing e-commerce sector, specialising in online sales and reservations, customer care and corporate travel.
Times are changing and looking for a new challenge I have taken the opportunity this year to add to my skills and have obtained certificates in Teaching English as a Foreign Language, and Teaching English Online. I’m really looking forward to putting these to good use in helping you to improve your English vocabulary, grammar and conversational skills. We will go at your pace, incorporating reading, writing, listening and speaking, with enjoyable interactive activities to make learning fun.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Great teacher ! Joyce has good communication and focuses on what’s important for me. + she helps me to be more confident :) Thank you!
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Hello, my name is Corinne and I am a qualified ESL English teacher from England. I have been teaching in classrooms and online for over 3 years and I have many satisfied students.
My lessons are student-centred and usually take place on Skype. I treat every student as an individual and tailor my lessons to meet their goals. I use a variety of text books and free online resources including exercises, articles and videos. I usually give out a little homework at the end of each lesson to reinforce what we have done together.
In your first lesson, we will discuss your needs and check your current level. From this, we can decide what sort of lessons will suit you the best. Perhaps you struggle with grammar and sentence structure? Perhaps you need to practice English for a specific purpose, like understanding lectures, making phone calls at work, or travelling? Or perhaps you need a structured course so that you can learn English step by step?
Whatever you need, I’m here to help. I see it as my job to make you feel safe, build your confidence and make your lessons enjoyable. I look forward to hearing from you and to helping you on your path to speaking better English. Book your first lesson now and let’s get started.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I learn a lot during my lessons with Corinne and I recommend her a lot! She is a fantastic teacher and a really sympathic person. I like her very much.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
English teacher with 13 years teaching experience in Italy. Speaks English and Italian.
Hi, I'm Jason, I'm English and live in Central Italy where I teach English to students of all levels, all ages and all abilities. English for school, for exams or tests, for work or for business.
My methods are based on building your confidence to speak English, developing your listening skills so you can understand English and helping you understand the grammar rules of the English language.
Why in this way? Because my students have the best results when they are able to speak in English as soon as possible. Then, when you can converse in English and understand simple conversation you can develop all your language skills very quickly.
Of course, for some students, grammar and written English is a priority and I can help you develop these skills first if that is what you need.
For others they need to learn specific vocabulary for their work, I have given courses in business, medicine and tourism that can be adapted for all types of work situations.
I am teaching students from 3 to 70 years old and my lessons are adapted for every individual so they have the best opportunity to realize their goals.
If you are interested then please contact me for a chat and a free trial lesson.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I met Jason about a year ago and immediately I really liked his teaching method, his patience, his ability to carry out lessons that are always different and never monotonous and, above all, his suggestions and continuous encouragement to improve. He is truly a great teacher!
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Hi everyone!
My name is Abigail Sosa. I'm a Mexican student living in Belgium at the moment. I study Speech-Language Pathology at the University of Ghent and I teach Spanish aside.
I started teaching Spanish almost 5 years ago and as a result of this, I fell completly in love with language education and speech.
I have worked with children, teenagers and adults (also students with ADHD of Autism) in groups of levels or in private classes. My teaching methods always vary depending of the student that I have because not everyone learns at the same manner nor at the same rythm; with some students you need to work slower and with others faster; some students are more visual, others are more auditory or others are more verbal. However, I always teach the four elements that are crucial in order to master a language which are: Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking.
How do I do this?
With a previously planning of the class. This means choosing the activies, the topics or exercices to work during the class. They could be a video, a text or exercices of gramatica among others. Alongside we use, of course, a book: Aula Internacional. I share all the material via GoogleDrive.
My classes are very relaxed and I am very flexibel. The important thing is to enjoy what we are learning! I hope we see each other very soon, and please, don't hesitate to contact me in case you have more questions.
Greetings and a big hug dear future students,
Abi
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Abigail has 4 years of teaching experience and is a native speaker from Spain. She is very enthusiastic and eager to help you learn Spanish! She teaches to all levels (A1-C2). You'll sure feel comfortable in her presence.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Hi, name is Laura. I come from a small town near Manchester, UK, though I now live in Bulgaria with my husband and two small children. I am an avid reader of fiction and am also particularly interested in current affairs, politics, psychology and education. I teach English full time and thoroughly enjoy my work. In my free time I enjoy spending time with my family, exploring the Bulgarian countryside, cooking and learning Bulgarian.
Me as a Teacher
I am a qualified teacher with a BSc in Applied Psychology. I have been teaching English for 15 years and have worked with all ages and abilities. My lessons are very communicative and with a strong focus on speaking. I really enjoy getting to know my students and I try to incorporate their hobbies and interests into our lessons.
For the majority of my teaching career I have worked with teenagers and young adults. I have taught hundreds of young people and have found that they enjoy and respond well to my relaxed teaching approach. I am particularly well-suited to helping young people progress and have confidence in their ability.
My Lessons & Teaching Style
My teaching style is open and friendly. I encourage students to speak as much as possible and guide them through their use of English. All of my lessons are tailor-made according to the needs of my students. Whether it is conversation practice, grammar study or exam preparation (specifically KET/PET/FCE), I can help.
Each of my lessons is designed with clear learning objectives and I use a variety of learning methods/materials to make my lessons interesting and to reinforce what we have covered.
I believe learning should be fun and rewarding and students should be able to feel their own personal progress after each lesson. I genuinely care about the development every one of my students.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Laura has over 15 years of teaching experience. She can teach you more than only the language, but also the culture that comes along with it. She adjusts all her classes to your needs! Furthermore, she offers a wide variety of interactive learning materials like for example videos, songs or grammar exercises. She is eager to help you study, and you will surely learn a lot from her!
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Let me help you improve your English for any purpose. I am a native English speaker with a Master's degree in English, a Bachelor of Science degree and a CELTA teaching qualification.
I have been teaching for four years. As a copy-editor, I have been helping people improve their written English for over ten years (so yes, I can edit documents for you). Interviews: send me your CV and the job description and I will help you prepare.
Ready for certification? I will help you get ready for English language proficiency exams (TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, OET, C1 (CAE), C2 (CPE).)
We CAN meet free of charge (just book a FREE CHAT for 20 minutes) to discuss your learning needs/my teaching methods and to start talking.
It is useful if you take a quick online test to establish a starting point: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/test-your-english/general-english/ Please let me know the results A1/2 B1/2 C1/2.
If you need to reschedule, please do so 24 hours in advance to avoid being charged.
NB If you are writing a test like IELTS or TOEFL 'in a month or two' and you need to obtain a minimum score to enter a university, remember that according to education bodies like British Council and Cambridge English, it takes an average of 120-130 lesson hours to move from one level or band to the next. So with 'one or two' months, you need to already be at B2 or Upper Intermediate level to start preparing.
For B2-C2 level students who enjoy photography: Would you would like to improve your English conversation and your photography? In a typical lesson, you will show me your latest photos and describe how and why you took them. Then we will discuss how photos are assessed in photographic competitions and, if necessary, we can go over the essentials of using a digital camera (although it's perfectly fine if you use your mobile phone to take photos).
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I'm extremely pleased with my English lessons. Sandra is a very capable teacher who treats her students according to their individual needs. She's an excellent choice for students who would like to push their English on a higher level. I'm currently preparing for a TOEFL test. Thanks to Sandra I feel well prepared and confident to reach the required score. Thank you for being such a wonderful teacher and lovely human being.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
My name is Alexis Joseph, I am a TESOL/ TEFL Certified teacher with a Bachelor’s degree in Education Major in Modern Languages, a postgraduate degree of Specialization in Teaching English as a Second Language and a Master's degree in Science of Education Major in School Management and I am very interactive and dynamic.
I have seven years of teaching experience in the classroom and online, I have worked with students of all ages from children to adults and for different institutions as an academic coordinator and language area coordinator, in addition I have taught ESL / EFL, English Language Arts, English Conversation, Spanish and Basic French to students of multiple nationalities.
I hope to see you in my class!
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Alexis has over 7 years of teaching experience. He has experience in teaching to people from all around over the world. His classes are very interactive. Furthermore, he teaches English from A1 to B2 and Spanish to all levels. You will surely learn a lot!
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
English teacher with 13 years teaching experience in Italy. Speaks English and Italian.
Hi, I'm Jason, I'm English and live in Central Italy where I teach English to students of all levels, all ages and all abilities. English for school, for exams or tests, for work or for business.
My methods are based on building your confidence to speak English, developing your listening skills so you can understand English and helping you understand the grammar rules of the English language.
Why in this way? Because my students have the best results when they are able to speak in English as soon as possible. Then, when you can converse in English and understand simple conversation you can develop all your language skills very quickly.
Of course, for some students, grammar and written English is a priority and I can help you develop these skills first if that is what you need.
For others they need to learn specific vocabulary for their work, I have given courses in business, medicine and tourism that can be adapted for all types of work situations.
I am teaching students from 3 to 70 years old and my lessons are adapted for every individual so they have the best opportunity to realize their goals.
If you are interested then please contact me for a chat and a free trial lesson.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I'm William and I'm a Belgian student who was looking for a teacher to improve my English because I have to pass a test in September before I may start a Master education at the university. I contacted Jason and we've had 2 lessons at this time. These lessons were very usefull and Jason explained everything to me when I had a question or when there was something I understood very well on that moment. So Jason is a very good teacher also very kind and he will help you a lot with a lot of passion.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
Hi! I've been teaching English in Spain for the last 3 years and have lots of experience with Cambridge official exams (Pre A1- C1), conversation classes, help with General English and CLIL.
My teaching style is student-centered and tailored to your needs and goals. There's always plenty of talking time to practice any new grammar and vocabulary to focus on fluency and accuracy, as well as building confidence to naturally practice your new skills in conversation. The courses I create always revise previous learning points and integrate them with new material so that you don't just learn something once and never see it again.
I teach with a range of realia, textbook resources and online materials that have proven effective and engaging with my students in the past, but everything I use is adapted specifically for your areas of weakness and learning styles!
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I find that Beth was so easy to talk. I m always nervous when I speak English but talking to Beth I am not nervous because she has this power to let me just speak. She won’t rush to finish even the time is almost up. Is good. Hoping to take her class more and more. Her accent is easy to hear too!
Beth B.Thank you Achilles! I had a great time teaching you in your first class and it was great to see you already making so much progress and gaining confidence! I'm looking forward to seeing you in your next class!
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
I am very good with beginners and intermediate students. I help with pronunciation, learning new vocabulary and grammar. I always offer corrections and offer endless speaking opportunities.
I enjoy teaching and more than anything I enjoy teaching English, but as much as I teach I am always looking for an opportunity to learn. I allow myself to learn something from my students as many times as they are willing to teach. Together with my students, we create an atmosphere of on-going conversation around our class topic.
I have a Bachelor of English degree, as well as a 120-HOUR TEFL Certificate. I am mostly fluent in English, as it has the language medium throughout my entire life and school career.
Reviews
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials
My experience with teacher Comfort was excellent. She is patient, kind and explains in a way that is very easy to understand, giving you support tools for learning. I highly recommend her. Thank you so much Comfort.
Review
Teaching methodology
Communication
Punctuality
Internet connection
Learning materials