Past participle in English
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In this chapter the English past participle will be explained. The past participle is used to form many tenses.
The past participles in English are formed from verbs. How the past participle is formed, depends on whether the verb is regular or irregular.
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To form the past participle of regular verbs, you have to add '-d' or '-ed' to the stem of the verb.
Stem of the verb + '-d' / '-ed'
Examples:
The past participles of irregular verbs do not follow a certain pattern. These forms have to be memorized.
Examples:
The past participle of English verbs is used in tenses. For example to form the present perfect tense, the past perfect tense and the future perfect tense. Besides that past participles can be used as adjectives in participle phrases.
Situation | Example |
---|---|
The formation of the present perfect tense. |
|
The formation of the past perfect tense. |
|
The formation of the future perfect tense. |
|
The past participle as an adjective in participle phrases. These participle phrases describes something in the main clause. |
|
The table below shows some examples of the regular and irregular past participles in English.
Verb | Past participle | Example |
---|---|---|
to eat | eaten | I had eaten salad before I went to the party. |
to work | worked | You have worked at a pharmacy. |
to become | become | She has become a doctor. |
to break | broken | The broken window got fixed yesterday. |
to buy | bought | I have bought fresh flowers at the market this morning. |
to finish | finished | We will have finished the project before he comes back. |
to catch | caught | Martina caught the ball during the game. |
to freeze | frozen | He will be frozen when he gets home from playing in the snow. |
to study | studied | Axel had already studied the Dutch language when he came to the Netherlands. |
to grow | grown | She is a grown woman now. |
to burn | burned | The burned food tasted horrible. |
to play | played | He has played the piano yesterday. |
to hide | hid/hidden | They have hid the treasure in the woods. |
to pay | paid | We will have paid our debts by the end of this month. |
to speak | spoken | She had spoken about him, before he entered the room. |
Fill in the missing past participle of the English regular verbs.
Remember:
Stem of the verb + '-d' / '-ed'
I had my essay the day before. (to type)
They have together. (to walk)
The teacher had the question many times. (to repeat)
She has her slides to the powerpoint. (to add)
My brother has the door when I came home. (to open)
You had hard to accomplish that. (to work)
We have together since we moved to Spain. (to live)
My sister has her secret with me. (to share)
He had me when he came. (to text)
My grandmother had when I was not home. (to call)
Fill in the missing past participles of English irregular verbs.
The cat had a mouse. (to catch)
My father has a treehouse for my brother. (to build)
The game had before we arrived. (to begin)
My brother had with a guy at school. (to fight)
I have him my homework. (to give)
The plants have a lot. (to grow)
She had that she had a day off on Wednesday. (to hear)
The manager had the group to a good result. (to lead)
The guy has my bike for the second time. (to steal)
The girls had in the ocean in January. (to swim)
Fill in the missing past participle of the English verbs.
Remember:
They had for hours online. (to chat)
I had the button for the elevator. (to press)
My sister has my bag to school instead of hers. (to take)
She had her dishes before I came. (to wash)
The teacher has the answers on the blackboard. (to write)
They have the assignment before the class ended. (to finish)
The boss has many emails to his employees. (to send)
The police has my father's car before. (to stop)
He has it because he worked hard. (to earn)
The singer has my favourite song at the concert. (to sing)
Fill in the missing past participle of the English regular verbs.
Remember:
Stem of the verb + '-d' / '-ed'
I had my essay the day before. (to type)
They have together. (to walk)
The teacher had the question many times. (to repeat)
She has her slides to the powerpoint. (to add)
My brother has the door when I came home. (to open)
You had hard to accomplish that. (to work)
We have together since we moved to Spain. (to live)
My sister has her secret with me. (to share)
He had me when he came. (to text)
My grandmother had when I was not home. (to call)
Fill in the missing past participles of English irregular verbs.
The cat had a mouse. (to catch)
My father has a treehouse for my brother. (to build)
The game had before we arrived. (to begin)
My brother had with a guy at school. (to fight)
I have him my homework. (to give)
The plants have a lot. (to grow)
She had that she had a day off on Wednesday. (to hear)
The manager had the group to a good result. (to lead)
The guy has my bike for the second time. (to steal)
The girls had in the ocean in January. (to swim)
Fill in the missing past participle of the English verbs.
Remember:
They had for hours online. (to chat)
I had the button for the elevator. (to press)
My sister has my bag to school instead of hers. (to take)
She had her dishes before I came. (to wash)
The teacher has the answers on the blackboard. (to write)
They have the assignment before the class ended. (to finish)
The boss has many emails to his employees. (to send)
The police has my father's car before. (to stop)
He has it because he worked hard. (to earn)
The singer has my favourite song at the concert. (to sing)
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For the little ones I use flash cards, puppets, star chart, etc to keep them involved and interested in the lesson. For the older students I find out where their interests lay, and what their requirements are, and work my lessons around that. As long as you are interested, you will learn.
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Hi! I am Francesca and have a degree in specialised translation and interpreting cum laude. I have been working in the field of translation and teaching for about three years.
I am a foreign language teacher and a tutor for courses leading to language certifications recognised by the Common European Framework. I also teach Italian to foreigners and am a CELI examiner. My academic training and professional experience have enabled me to develop a successful teaching method tailored to the needs of each learner, ensuring excellent results in a short time in all four language skills (speaking, listening, writing, and reading).
I hope to see you soon at your first free class to start your linguistic and cultural growth.
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My way of teaching is based on my over 30 years of experience. After spending many years providing my students with a lot of grammar rules I decided to start providing them with the necessary tools that support them in breaking down both linguistic and psychological barriers, improving their confidence, building the correct communication code of the language thus lowering frustration and increasing motivation.
My students are happy with such method as they enjoy each and every lesson and never feel under pressure.
I want English to be learnt naturally with the right commitment but with no frustration.
I love my job and I am totally committed to what I do, while continuously working on new material and on finding the best way to keep my students engaged.
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Patricia has over 30 years of teaching experience. She is very passionate about her job and is eager to help you study. She is very kind and patient. Furthermore, she has written her own English book and teaches very interactive classes.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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Hi! My name is Joyce and I am from Glasgow in Scotland. I’m looking forward to meeting you online to help you improve your English!
I have a degree in French and German, and have worked in tourism for over 30 years, living in many different parts of the world. I love learning about and getting to know different cultures.
I love travelling and have been fortunate enough to work as an overseas representative, and then manager, for British tour operators in such diverse places as Bulgaria, Spain, Jamaica, Italy, Austria, Paris, Thailand and Cancún, where our objective was always to provide the best possible service to our customers, the holidaymakers.
I then stayed in Cancún, spending over 15 years with Mexico’s principal travel company in the growing e-commerce sector, specialising in online sales and reservations, customer care and corporate travel.
Times are changing and looking for a new challenge I have taken the opportunity this year to add to my skills and have obtained certificates in Teaching English as a Foreign Language, and Teaching English Online. I’m really looking forward to putting these to good use in helping you to improve your English vocabulary, grammar and conversational skills. We will go at your pace, incorporating reading, writing, listening and speaking, with enjoyable interactive activities to make learning fun.
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Great teacher ! Joyce has good communication and focuses on what’s important for me. + she helps me to be more confident :) Thank you!
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Hi! I am Francesca and have a degree in specialised translation and interpreting cum laude. I have been working in the field of translation and teaching for about three years.
I am a foreign language teacher and a tutor for courses leading to language certifications recognised by the Common European Framework. I also teach Italian to foreigners and am a CELI examiner. My academic training and professional experience have enabled me to develop a successful teaching method tailored to the needs of each learner, ensuring excellent results in a short time in all four language skills (speaking, listening, writing, and reading).
I hope to see you soon at your first free class to start your linguistic and cultural growth.
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She is very motivated and relaxed during her classes. She makes the material interesting and her classes are really fun! I recommend her if you are new to English
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My aim is to help as many people achieve their goal of learning English. 10+ years of tutoring experience(classroom and 1-1). Have taught from kindergarten to senior secondary as well as doing communication and pronunciation correction with adults.
I will start were you are … ABC's, colours, numbers and beginner reading OR reading with comprehension, grammar and sentence structure or just plain communication focusing on pronunciation, tenses, and general grammar.
For the little ones I use flash cards, puppets, star chart, etc to keep them involved and interested in the lesson. For the older students I find out where their interests lay, and what their requirements are, and work my lessons around that. As long as you are interested, you will learn.
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Susan is a new teacher and eager to help you learn or improve your English. She is very patient, and you'll surely feel comfortable in her presence.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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