Present subjunctive in Italian (congiuntivo presente)
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Lesson outline
Hide- 1.What is the congiuntivo presente in Italian?
- 1.1.How the present subjunctive is used in Italian
- 1.2.Where does the congiuntivo presente occur?
- 2.How to conjugate the congiuntivo presente in Italian
- 2.1.Regular verbs in Italian present subjunctive
- 2.1.1.Verbs of -are conjugation
- 2.1.2.Verbs of -ere conjugation
- 2.1.3.Verbs of -ire conjugation
- 2.2.Irregular verbs in Italian present subjunctive
- 2.2.1.Verbs of -are conjugation
- 2.2.2.Verbs of -ere conjugation
- 2.2.3.Verbs of -ire conjugation
- 2.3.The auxiliary verbs in Italian present subjunctive: essere / avere
- 2.3.1.To be: che io sia
- 2.3.2.To have: che io abbia
- 3.Exercises
- 3.1.Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the presente congiuntivo in Italian
- 3.2.Choose the correct form of the present subjunctive of the following verbs
What is the congiuntivo presente in Italian?
The presente congiuntivo is one of the most used tenses of the subjunctive mood in Italian. It usually expresses unreal or hypothetical statements.
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How the present subjunctive is used in Italian
Usually, Italian speakers use the present subjunctive to:
- express wishes, order and hopes
- express doubts or hypothesis
- express an order or a desire (mainly in the main clause as a courtesy form)
| Examples | Translation |
|---|---|
Spero che il tuo esame vada bene. | I hope you will pass your exam. |
Mi auguro che tu mangi quella torta. | I hope you will eat that cake. |
Non voglio che si demoralizzi. | I don't want her to become disheartened. |
Vada avanti, io la seguo. | You go forward, I'll follow! |
Where does the congiuntivo presente occur?
If it is used correctly, the present subjunctive in Italian appears:
- in the che clauses: i.e. the objective, subjective and declarative sentences.
- in the final clauses with affinché, poiché, in quanto, perché... (in order to, because, to...);
- in the concessive clause with benché, sebbene, nonostante... (even though, although, albeit...);
- in the temporal clauses with prima che, non appena... (before that, as soon as...);
- in the conditional clauses with qualora, purché, nel caso in cui... (if, in case, as long as...).
| Examples | Translation |
|---|---|
| Credo che Mattia sia ancora a Parigi. | I think that Mattia is still in Paris. |
| Ho chiamato il taxi affinché tu possa arrivare a casa più in fretta. | I have called a cab so that you will reach your home faster. |
| Benché egli sia il figlio di mia zia, lo reputo un fratello. | Even if he is my aunt's son, I threat him like a brother. |
| Prima che sia troppo tardi, vieni con noi! | Before it is too late, come with us! |
| Ti ascolterò, purché tu mi dica la verità. | I will listen to you only if you are honest. |
How to conjugate the congiuntivo presente in Italian
Below we will see how the present subjunctive in Italian is formed.
Regular verbs in Italian present subjunctive
Regular verbs in Italian present subjunctive are formed through specific endings. These endings are different according to the conjugations (-are, -ere, -ire).
Verbs of -are conjugation
| Root | Ending | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | guard | -i | Nonostante io guardi sempre la partita, non conosco tutti i giocatori. | Even though I always watch the football game, I don't remember all the players' names. |
(Che) tu | guard | -i | Non so se la guardi con occhi diversi, ma lei ormai è a disagio. | I don't know if you are looking at her differently, but she feels uncomfortable by now. |
(Che) egli / ella | guard | -i | Benché ella guardi spesso sé stessa con lucidità, talvolta è proprio irrazionale. | Although she is looking at herself with a clear mind, sometimes she is really irrational. |
(Che) noi | guard | -iamo* | Non appena guardiamo i difetti degli altri, dimentichiamo i nostri. | As soon as we look at the others' flaws, we forget having them too. |
(Che) voi | guard | -iate* | È importante che guardiate i dettagli del quadro per capire lo stile dell'artista. | It is important for you to look closely at the picture details in order to understand the painter style. |
(Che) essi /esse | guard | -ino | Nonostante guardino sempre prima di attraversare la strada, spesso i pedoni sono vittima di incidenti. | Although pedestrians always look around before they cross the street, it's often dangerous for them. |
Verbs of -ere conjugation
| Root | Ending | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | tem | -a | Penso che il mio gatto tema il rumore del vento. | I think my cat is afraid of the sound of the wind. |
| (Che) tu | tem | -a | Mi auguro che tu non tema gli insetti. | I hope you are not afraid of the insects. |
| (Che) egli / ella | tem | -a | Benché la loro figlia non tema il buio, la lasciano dormire con una luce accesa. | Even though their daughter is not afraid of the dark, they let her sleep with the light on. |
| (Che) noi | tem | -iamo* | Ci rassicurano affinché noi non temiamo il peggio. | They are reassuring us iso that we don't fear the worst. |
| (Che) voi | tem | -iate* | Non è necessario che voi lo temiate. | It is not necessary for you to fear that. |
| (Che) essi / esse | tem | -ano | Non credo proprio che loro ci temano. | I don't believe they are afraid of us. |
Verbs of -ire conjugation
| Root | Ending | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | sent | -a | Fanno sempre in modo che io non li senta uscire al mattino. | They always make sure that I don't hear them leaving in the morning. |
| (Che) tu | sent | -a | È molto strano che tu non lo senta. | It's really strange you aren't able to hear it. |
| (Che) egli / ella | sent | -a | Voglio che mi senta! | I want her to hear me! |
| (Che) noi | sent | -iamo* | Nonostante non ci sentiamo tutti i giorni, so che mi vuole bene. | Even though we are not constantly in contact, I know she cares about me. |
| (Che) voi | sent | -iate* | Forse ritiene che voi lo sentiate. | Maybe he thinks you can hear him. |
| (Che) essi / esse | sent | -ano | Benché non mi sentano, ho paura di cosa potrebbero pensare. | Although they can't hear me, I am afraid of what they could think about me. |
* 
Remember! The Italian present subjunctive uses the same suffix of the presente indicativo for the 1° plural person (e.g. -iamo) and the same suffix for the 2° plural person in all the conjugations (-iate).
Irregular verbs in Italian present subjunctive
In Italian, there are many irregular verbs that don't follow any inflectional pattern or any grammatical rule. These verbs have to be studied by heart. Nonetheless, they can be gathered together inside the conjugation groups due to their infinitive suffixes (-are, -ere, -ire).
Let's briefly see some examples.
Verbs of -are conjugation
The main and only irregular verbs of the 1° conjugation (their infinitive form ends with -are suffix) are: dare (to give), stare (to stay), andare (to go), fare (to do).
| Verb form | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | dia | Vuole che gli dia il mio numero. | She wants me to give her my number. |
| (Che) tu | dia | Pensa che tu dia confidenza agli estranei. | He thinks you are to much friendly with strangers. |
| (Che) egli / ella | dia | Dia a suo fratello quel che le pare! | Let her give her brother what she wants! |
| (Che) noi | diamo | Temono che diamo tutti i vestiti vecchi in beneficienza. | They're afraid that we give all the old clothes for charity. |
| (Che) voi | diate | Prima che diate via quelle scarpe, controllatene lo stato. | Before you will give away those shoes, check their status. |
| (Che) essi / esse | diano | Dubito che diano quei gadget gratis. | I doubt that they are giving those gadgets for free. |
| Verb form | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | stia | Pensi che io stia qui a non far nulla? | Do you think I am here doing nothing? |
| (Che) tu | stia | Perché tu stia bene, devi prenderti una pausa. | You have to take a break to be fine. |
| (Che) egli / ella | stia | Mi chiedo se stia bene. | I wonder if she is fine. |
| (Che) noi | stiamo | Pensate sempre che noi stiamo troppo tempo per conto nostro. | You always think that we are staying too much time on our own. |
| (Che) voi | stiate | Per me è davvero importante che voi stiate bene qui. | It's really important to me that you are fine here. |
| (Che) essi / esse | stiano | Sono sicuro che stiano qui! | I'm sure they are staying here! |
| Verb form | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | vada | Desidera che io vada via per un po'. | She wish I went away for a while. |
| (Che) tu | vada | Non voglio che tu vada alla festa senza di me. | I don't want you to go to the party without me. |
| (Che) egli / ella | vada | Dubito che vada a Manchester questa estate. | I doubt she'll go to Manchester this summer. |
| (Che) noi | andiamo | È meglio che andiamo via da qui. | It's better for us to go away from here. |
| (Che) voi | andiate | Prima che andiate, potreste gettare via la spazzatura? | Before you go, could you throw away the trash? |
| (Che) essi / esse | vadano | Nonostante vadano di fretta, non dimenticano mai di salutare. | Even though they always go away quickly, they never forget their goodbyes. |
| Verb form | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | faccia | Pensa che io faccia troppo spesso la doccia. | He thinks I take the shower too often. |
| (Che) tu | faccia | Per evitare che tu faccia troppi sforzi, sono venuta ad aiutarti. | I've come to help you to avoid you'll make a great deal of effort. |
| (Che) egli / ella | faccia | Dicono che la plastica non faccia bene all'ambiente. | They say plastic isn't good for the environment. |
| (Che) noi | facciamo | Ci stanno chiedendo cosa facciamo. | They're asking us what we are doing. |
| (Che) voi | facciate | Temo facciate tardi di nuovo. | I'm afraid you will be late again. |
| (Che) essi / essa | facciano | Non ho idea di cosa facciano. | I don't have a clue of what they're doing. |
Verbs of -ere conjugation
The 2° conjugation (infinitive form ends with -ere suffix) of presente congiuntivo is probably the richest of irregular forms; here we have:
- very common verbs: potere (to can), dovere (to must), sapere (to know), volere (to want);
- the -gliere verbs: scegliere (to choose), togliere (to remove), cogliere (to grab);
- other verbs: tradurre (to translate), rimanere (to remain), sedere (to sit), bere (to drink), porre (to put).
| Potere (to can) | Dovere (to must) | Sapere (to know) | Volere (to want) | Scegliere (to choose) | Porre (to put) | Rimanere (to remain) | Bere (to drink) | Sedere (to sit) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | possa | debba | sappia | voglia | scelga | ponga | rimanga | beva | sieda |
| (Che) tu | possa | debba | sappia | voglia | scelga | ponga | rimanga | beva | sieda |
| (Che) egli / ella | possa | debba | sappia | voglia | scelga | ponga | rimanga | beva | sieda |
| (Che) noi | possiamo | dobbiamo | sappiamo | vogliamo | scegliamo | poniamo | rimaniamo | beviamo | sediamo |
| (Che) voi | possiate | dobbiate | sappiate | vogliate | scegliate | poniate | rimaniate | beviate | sediate |
| (Che) essi / esse | possano | debbano | sappiano | vogliano | scelgano | pongano | rimangano | bevano | siedano |
Verbs of -ire conjugation
We can divide the 3° conjugation verbs (ending with -ire suffix) in two main groups:
- verbs with the -isc- affix: finire (to finish), agire (to act), tradire (to betray), capire (to understand);
- other verbs: dire (to say), uscire (to exit), morire (to die), venire (to come), udire (to hear), salire (to go up).
| Finire (to finish) | Dire (to say) | Uscire (to exit) | Morire (to die) | Venire (to come) | Udire (to hear) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | finisca | dica | esca | muoia | venga | oda |
| (Che) tu | finisca | dica | esca | muoia | venga | oda |
| (Che) egli / ella | finisca | dica | esca | muoia | venga | oda |
| (Che) noi | finiamo | diciamo | usciamo | moriamo | veniamo | udiamo |
| (Che) voi | finiate | diciate | usciate | moriate | veniate | udiate |
| (Che) essi / esse | finiscano | dicano | escano | muoiano | vengano | odano |
The auxiliary verbs in Italian present subjunctive: essere / avere
Essere (to be) and avere (to have) are the main auxiliary verbs in Italian.
To be: che io sia
Essere is the most irregular verb in Italian. Let's see the following examples.
| Verb form | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | sia | Benché io sia altruista, c'è un limite a tutto. | Although I am a generous person, there is a limit to everything. |
| (Che) tu | sia | Non posso credere che sia tu! | I can't believe you are the one! |
| (Che) egli / ella | sia | Credi sia lui la persona che cercano? | Do you think he is the one they're looking for? |
| (Che) noi | siamo | Penso che siamo nel posto giusto. | I think we are in the right place. |
| (Che) voi | siate | Spero voi siate sicuri di ciò che fate. | I hope you are sure of what you are doing. |
| (Che) essi / esse | siano | Dubito che siano così antipatici come sembrano. | I am not sure they are so unpleasant as they seem. |
To have: che io abbia
Avere forms the present subjunctive irregularly as well.
| Verb form | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | abbia | Non credere che io non abbia sonno! | Don't think that I am not tired! |
| (Che) tu | abbia | Ritengo che tu abbia ragione. | I think you are right. |
| (Che) egli / ella | abbia | Che abbia perso le chiavi? | Would he have lost his keys? |
| (Che) noi | abbiamo | Direi che abbiamo tutto. | I suppose we have everything. |
| (Che) voi | abbiate | Penso che abbiate torto. | I think you are wrong. |
| (Che) essi / esse | abbiano | Non credo che abbiano le forze. | I don't believe they are strong enough. |
Exercises
- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the presente congiuntivo in Italian
- Choose the correct form of the present subjunctive of the following verbs
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the presente congiuntivo in Italian
Choose the correct form of the present subjunctive of the following verbs
Exercises
- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the presente congiuntivo in Italian
- Choose the correct form of the present subjunctive of the following verbs
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the presente congiuntivo in Italian
Choose the correct form of the present subjunctive of the following verbs
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Hello! My name is Deborah! I am a language instructor. I teach Italian, English and Bulgarian. I have more than 15 years teaching experience, both face-to-face and online to individual as well as to small and large groups. At the moment I am teaching Italian in a private school in Sofia, Bulgaria- where I lived for more than 10 years. I teach English to students ready to move to English speaking countries for work, and to students who need Еnglish for their career. I also prepare students for exams (KET, PET, FCE, CAE, CPE), and I offer language courses for communication and travelling purposes.
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My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
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Daniela is a wonderful teacher. I really had difficulty properly expressing myself in Italian. Daniela not only tought me the basic rules of Italian grammar, but more importantly, during our many conversations in Italian, she helped me express myself much better and with confidence. I still have some path to go, particulalry deepening my knowledge of grammar. The next phase that I will start in a couple of months will focus on perfectionning that. I hope Daniela will find the time to work with me again
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This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
María J.
Hello everyone! I have been teaching Italian to foreigners in Bologna for 10 years, collaborating with local associations. I graduated in History, but later I specialized in teaching Italian by obtaining the Ditals, and in 2019 a master's degree at the Ca 'Foscari University of Venice in "Advanced planning of teaching Italian language and culture to foreigners". I love my job very much and I do it with dedication and passion. I have experience with students of all levels of Italian, from beginners to advanced, and in preparing for language tests. I adapt my teaching methods to the characteristics and training needs of my students, so as to favor a more effective, engaging and motivating learning. The materials I use are authentic, original texts and videos adapted for educational purposes. I love to use computer technologies for the preparation of interactive exercises, especially for the exercise of grammar. If you want to learn Italian in an engaging and motivating way, contact me! I'm waiting for you for a trial lesson!
D. .
Cristiana is a delightful person and a very effective teacher. As a beginner, my almost nonexistent Italian skills and understanding requires a patient teacher who is willing to take the time to ensure I understand concepts, usage etc. before moving on. I highly recommend her as a tutor.
Cristiana A.
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
D. S.
Fabulous teacher. Very clear, very encouraging and very helpful. Also very flexible and accommodating. Cannot recommend Daniela highly enough.
Daniela V.
Hi there, my name is Roberta. I am an Italian native speaker, and a professional language teacher with a DITALS II certification from Siena University. I live in Italy in a lovely little town called Monate near a small lake of the same name, just 40 minutes by car from Milan.
The aim of the lessons will not be learning generic Italian but to learn Italian according to the needs of every student. Each lesson will be personalized and designed to match students’ interests, linguistic level and learning style.
Every lesson will be planned around a text, which could either be a written piece, an audio segment or a video that will be used as a focal point for both communication and grammatical study. I will provide students with all of the teaching materials used in class that can later be used for homework and self – study, especially for developing writing skills.
I have been working as an Italian teacher since 2016, offering both traditional and e-learning/online classes. I am specialized at teaching young people and adults who want to study Italian for a variety of different reasons: work, education, residency or simply for a love of Italy and its culture.
Finally, as a result of my volunteer position as a documents advisor for immigrants, I can help students to prepare for the B1 level Italian language exam, which is necessary to apply for Italian citizenship.
E. F.
Roberta, is a fantastic teacher! She really helped to improve my confidence in using the formal Italian and in preparing for interviews in Italy. She tailored all our lessons to exactly my needs, and we also had a laugh in the process. Thanks again for all your help Roberta!
Roberta L.
Thank you very much Emma, they are very happy to have helped you!
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
G. Y.
Thank you for putting up with all my mistakes today! We had plenty of conversation practice although the listening we did was quite tough but very useful .
Daniela V.