Past subjunctive in Italian (congiuntivo passato)
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The congiuntivo passato is the past tense of the subjunctive mood in Italian.
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Italian speakers tend to use the past subjunctive in the same contexts of the congiuntivo presente. That is:
Furthermore, the past subjunctive appears in the same clauses (i.e. che, final, concessive, temporal and conditional clauses) where also the present subjunctive is frequently used.
Example | Translation |
---|---|
Che sia già arrivata? | Has she already arrived? |
Credo che abbiano avuto un contrattempo. | I guess they had an unforeseen difficulty. |
Sebbene abbiano avuto tempo, non hanno fatto i compiti. | Even though they had time, they didn't do their homeworks. |
Nonostante voi ci abbiate pensato, avete fatto comunque la scelta sbagliata. | Although you've thought about it, you made the wrong choice anyway. |
The past subjunctive usually appears in the dependent clause. In this case, its presence depends on what tense is used in the main clause.
The congiuntivo passato follows an important rule called consecutio temporum: the clauses must present an agreement of tenses between their verbs.
Main clause: indicativo presente | Dependent clause: present subjunctive / past subjunctive |
---|---|
Io immagino (I guess) | che tu prenda il mio caricatore. (that you would take my charger) - contemporaneity |
Io immagino (I guess) | che tu abbia preso il mio caricatore. (that you took my charger) - anteriority |
The past subjunctive follows the same structure of the present perfect in the indicative mood.
Hence, it is formed using the presente congiuntivo of the auxiliary (essere or avere) with the past participle of the specific verb.
Let's see some example for the three conjugations.
Auxiliary | Past participle | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | abbia | portato | Pensano che io abbia portato la torta. | They think I brought the cake. |
(Che) tu | abbia | portato | Credo che tu abbia portato la torta. | I think you brought the cake. |
(Che) egli / ella | abbia | portato | Sono sicura che egli abbia portato la torta. | I am sure that he brought the cake. |
(Che) noi | abbiamo | portato | Temono che noi non abbiamo portato la torta. | They're afraid we didn't bring the cake. |
(Che) voi | abbiate | portato | Mi chiedo se voi abbiate portato la torta. | I am asking myself if they brought the cake. |
(Che) essi / esse | abbiano | portato | Ella non sa se loro abbiano portato la torta. | She doesn't know if they brought the cake. |
Auxiliary | Past participle | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | abbia | creduto | Pensi veramente che io ci abbia creduto? | Do you really think that I believed it? |
(Che) tu | abbia | creduto | Sono davvero sicuro che tu ci abbia creduto. | I am really sure that you believed that. |
(Che) egli / ella | abbia | creduto | Odiano il fatto che ella ci abbia creduto. | They hate that she believed that. |
(Che) noi | abbiamo | creduto | Non saprei dirti se ci abbiamo veramente creduto. | I can't tell if we really believed it. |
(Che) voi | abbiate | creduto | Chissà che non ci abbiate creduto! | Maybe you believed that! |
(Che) essi / esse | abbiano | creduto | Vorrei sapere se ci abbiano creduto o meno. | I would like to know if they believed that or not. |
Auxiliary | Past participle | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | abbia | sentito | Non sei sicuro che io abbia sentito quel rumore? | Aren't you sure I heard that noise? |
(Che) tu | abbia | sentito | Nonostante tu abbia sentito quel rumore, non c'è nessuno in casa. | Even though you heard that noise, nobody is home. |
(Che) egli / ella | abbia | sentito | Non c'è dubbio che ella abbia sentito uno strano rumore. | It's undeniable she heard a strange noise. |
(Che) noi | abbiamo | sentito | Mi chiedo se abbiamo veramente sentito quel rumore. | I'm wondering if we have really heard that noise. |
(Che) voi | abbiate | sentito | Ma siamo sicuri che voi abbiate sentito quello strano rumore? | Are we sure you have heard that strange noise? |
(Che) essi / esse | abbiano | sentito | Temo che esse abbiano sentito qualche strano rumore. | I'm afraid they have heard some strange noise. |
Italian language has a lot of irregular verbs that don't follow any inflectional pattern or any grammatical rule. This type of verbs has some particular forms that must be learned by heart.
Most irregular verbs in Italian are from the -ere conjugation.
Concerning the past subjunctive, we are mostly interested in the past participle irregular forms.
Fare (to do) | Vedere (to see) | Scegliere (to choose) | Leggere (to read) | Porre (to put) | Rimanere (to stay) | Perdere (to loose) | Prendere (to take) | Chiedere (to ask) | Apparire (to appear) | Dire (to say) | Aprire (to open) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | abbia fatto | abbia visto | abbia scelto | abbia letto | abbia posto | sia* rimasto/a | abbia perso | abbia preso | abbia chiesto | sia* apparso/a | abbia detto | abbia aperto |
(Che) tu | abbia fatto | abbia visto | abbia scelto | abbia letto | abbia posto | sia* rimasto/a | abbia perso | abbia preso | abbia chiesto | sia* apparso/a | abbia detto | abbia aperto |
(Che) egli / ella | abbia fatto | abbia visto | abbia scelto | abbia letto | abbia posto | sia* rimasto/a | abbia perso | abbia preso | abbia chiesto | sia* apparso/a | abbia detto | abbia aperto |
(Che) noi | abbiamo fatto | abbiamo visto | abbiamo scelto | abbiamo letto | abbiamo posto | siamo* rimasti/e | abbiamo perso | abbiamo preso | abbiamo chiesto | siamo* apparsi/e | abbiamo detto | abbiamo aperto |
(Che) voi | abbiate fatto | abbiate visto | abbiate scelto | abbiate letto | abbiate posto | siate* rimasti/e | abbiate perso | abbiate preso | abbiate chiesto | siate* apparsi/e | abbiate detto | abbiate aperto |
(Che) essi / esse | abbiano fatto | abbiano visto | abbiano scelto | abbiano letto | abbiano posto | siano rimasti/e | abbiano perso | abbiano preso | abbiano chiesto | siano* apparsi/e | abbiano detto | abbiano aperto |
* Remember! All the transitive verbs in Italian use essere as auxiliary; all the intransitive ones use avere.
As we said before, transitive verbs are followed by an object and their auxiliary verb is avere.
Non sono sicura che voi abbiate fatto i compiti. (I am not sure you did your homework)
Intransitive verbs cannot be followed by an object and their auxiliary verb is essere.
Some verbs (e.g. correre, salire, scendere) can be both transitive and intransitive and have both essere and avere.
Correre (to run) | Salire (to go up, to get in) | Scendere (to go down, to descend) | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | abbia corso - sia corso/a | abbia salito - sia salito/a | abbia sceso - sia sceso/a |
(Che) tu | abbia corso - sia corso/a | abbia salito - sia salito/a | abbia sceso - sia sceso/a |
(Che) egli / ella | abbia corso - sia corso/a | abbia salito - sia salito/a | abbia sceso - sia sceso/a |
(Che) noi | abbiamo corso - siamo corsi/e | abbiamo salito - siamo saliti/e | abbiamo sceso - siamo scesi/e |
(Che) voi | abbiate corso - siamo corsi/e | abbiate salito - siamo saliti/e | abbiate sceso - siamo scesi/e |
(Che) essi / esse | abbiano corso - siano corsi/e | abbiano salito - siano saliti/e | abbiano sceso - siano scesi/e |
These verbs have avere when the focus of the sentence is on the action. They have essere when the focus is on the destination, the purpose or the aim of the action.
e.g. Penso che Luca abbia corso il rischio di perdere la partita. (I think that Luca ran the risk of loosing the game)
Penso che Luca sia corso in suo aiuto. (I think that Luca rushed to his aid)
Below, you will find the past subjunctive of essere and of avere.
Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | |
---|---|---|
(Che) io | sia stato/a | abbia avuto |
(Che) tu | sia stato/a | abbia avuto |
(Che) egli / ella | sia stato/a | abbia avuto |
(Che) noi | siamo stati/e | abbiamo avuto |
(Che) voi | siate stati/e | abbiate avuto |
(Che) essi / esse | siano stati/e | abbiano avuto |
Fill in the missing words for the congiuntivo passato of the following verbs in Italian.
1. Credo che tu (choose) i tuoi amici molto bene. (I think you choose your friends really well)
2. Non so se loro (read) mai quel libro famoso. (I don't know if they have ever read that famous book)
3. Penso che noi (take) il treno sbagliato. (I guess that we took the bad train)
4. Non sanno dire se il suo volto (appear) sui giornali. (They can't say if his face appeared in the newspaper)
5. Nonostante voi (ask) indicazioni, vi siete persi ugualmente. (Even though you asked for directions, you got lost anyway)
6. Riesce a capire tutto, senza che nessuno le (say) nulla. (She understands everything, without anyone saying anything to her)
7. Sono sicuro che egli (go down) le scale. (I am sure he went down the stairs)
8. Credo che la gatta (go down) dal tetto. (I think the cat went down from the roof)
9. Dubito che tu (run) così lentamente. (I doubt that you ran so slowly)
10. Non andare via prima che io (get in) sull'autobus, per favore. (Don't go away before I'll get in the bus, please)
The past subjunctive is used to express doubts, orders, wishes and hypotheses.
False
True
The past subjunctive doesn't appear in sentences that convey a personal opinion or a thought.
False
True
If we have a present tense in the main clause, we cannot find a past tense in its related clauses.
True
False
The congiuntivo passato is formed just like the passato remoto.
False
True
The congiuntivo passato is formed using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary with the past participle of the specific verb.
False
True
The past subjunctive is used to express doubts, orders, wishes and hypotheses.
True
The past subjunctive doesn't appear in sentences that convey a personal opinion or a thought.
False
If we have a present tense in the main clause, we cannot find a past tense in its related clauses.
False
The congiuntivo passato is formed just like the passato remoto.
False
The congiuntivo passato is formed using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary with the past participle of the specific verb.
True
Non so se egli __________ il mio telefono. - I don't know if he took my phone.
sia preso
abbia preso
Nessuno sa cosa loro ___________ ieri? - Does anybody know what they did yesterday?
abbiano fatto
hanno fatto
Spero che voi ___________ qualcosa! - I hope you saw something!
abbiate veduto
abbiate visto
Che qualcuno ____________ qualcosa? - Could anyone have heard something?
abbia sentito
sia sentito
Mi chiedo se lei __________. - I'm wondering if she stayed.
sia rimasta
abbia rimasta
Francesco dubita che loro _____________ ragione. - Francesco doubts that they were right.
hanno avuto
abbiano avuto
Sei sicuro che Mario _______ la siepe? - Are you sure that Mario jumped over the hedge?
sia saltato
abbia saltato
Immagino che loro ___________ animosamente in piazza. - I guess they went down in the streets vigorously.
abbiano sceso
siano scesi
Non so se egli __________ il mio telefono. - I don't know if he took my phone.
abbia preso
Nessuno sa cosa loro ___________ ieri? - Does anybody know what they did yesterday?
abbiano fatto
Spero che voi ___________ qualcosa! - I hope you saw something!
abbiate visto
Che qualcuno ____________ qualcosa? - Could anyone have heard something?
abbia sentito
Mi chiedo se lei __________. - I'm wondering if she stayed.
sia rimasta
Francesco dubita che loro _____________ ragione. - Francesco doubts that they were right.
abbiano avuto
Sei sicuro che Mario _______ la siepe? - Are you sure that Mario jumped over the hedge?
abbia saltato
Immagino che loro ___________ animosamente in piazza. - I guess they went down in the streets vigorously.
siano scesi
Fill in the missing words for the congiuntivo passato of the following verbs in Italian.
1. Credo che tu (choose) i tuoi amici molto bene. (I think you choose your friends really well)
2. Non so se loro (read) mai quel libro famoso. (I don't know if they have ever read that famous book)
3. Penso che noi (take) il treno sbagliato. (I guess that we took the bad train)
4. Non sanno dire se il suo volto (appear) sui giornali. (They can't say if his face appeared in the newspaper)
5. Nonostante voi (ask) indicazioni, vi siete persi ugualmente. (Even though you asked for directions, you got lost anyway)
6. Riesce a capire tutto, senza che nessuno le (say) nulla. (She understands everything, without anyone saying anything to her)
7. Sono sicuro che egli (go down) le scale. (I am sure he went down the stairs)
8. Credo che la gatta (go down) dal tetto. (I think the cat went down from the roof)
9. Dubito che tu (run) così lentamente. (I doubt that you ran so slowly)
10. Non andare via prima che io (get in) sull'autobus, per favore. (Don't go away before I'll get in the bus, please)
The past subjunctive is used to express doubts, orders, wishes and hypotheses.
True
False
The past subjunctive doesn't appear in sentences that convey a personal opinion or a thought.
True
False
If we have a present tense in the main clause, we cannot find a past tense in its related clauses.
False
True
The congiuntivo passato is formed just like the passato remoto.
False
True
The congiuntivo passato is formed using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary with the past participle of the specific verb.
False
True
The past subjunctive is used to express doubts, orders, wishes and hypotheses.
True
The past subjunctive doesn't appear in sentences that convey a personal opinion or a thought.
False
If we have a present tense in the main clause, we cannot find a past tense in its related clauses.
False
The congiuntivo passato is formed just like the passato remoto.
False
The congiuntivo passato is formed using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary with the past participle of the specific verb.
True
Non so se egli __________ il mio telefono. - I don't know if he took my phone.
abbia preso
sia preso
Nessuno sa cosa loro ___________ ieri? - Does anybody know what they did yesterday?
abbiano fatto
hanno fatto
Spero che voi ___________ qualcosa! - I hope you saw something!
abbiate visto
abbiate veduto
Che qualcuno ____________ qualcosa? - Could anyone have heard something?
sia sentito
abbia sentito
Mi chiedo se lei __________. - I'm wondering if she stayed.
sia rimasta
abbia rimasta
Francesco dubita che loro _____________ ragione. - Francesco doubts that they were right.
hanno avuto
abbiano avuto
Sei sicuro che Mario _______ la siepe? - Are you sure that Mario jumped over the hedge?
sia saltato
abbia saltato
Immagino che loro ___________ animosamente in piazza. - I guess they went down in the streets vigorously.
siano scesi
abbiano sceso
Non so se egli __________ il mio telefono. - I don't know if he took my phone.
abbia preso
Nessuno sa cosa loro ___________ ieri? - Does anybody know what they did yesterday?
abbiano fatto
Spero che voi ___________ qualcosa! - I hope you saw something!
abbiate visto
Che qualcuno ____________ qualcosa? - Could anyone have heard something?
abbia sentito
Mi chiedo se lei __________. - I'm wondering if she stayed.
sia rimasta
Francesco dubita che loro _____________ ragione. - Francesco doubts that they were right.
abbiano avuto
Sei sicuro che Mario _______ la siepe? - Are you sure that Mario jumped over the hedge?
abbia saltato
Immagino che loro ___________ animosamente in piazza. - I guess they went down in the streets vigorously.
siano scesi
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
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Rina is a pleasure to work with. Her lessons go by quickly, because they are a lot of fun. She is always on time, sends the material beforehand, is always available for questions and corrects homework right away. She is funny & energetic. She speaks German and Italian. I can only recommend taking lessons with her, because it is fun and you learn quickly and good.
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I also hold CEDILS certificate in teaching italian as a foreign language.
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Above all, Chiara is very resourceful. She can talk to you on any subject, that is, if you are interested in speaking Italian. She is patient, assists you with every little step. I could not expect anything better!
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Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
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Luisa is very patient and personable. I tend to want to understand the rules that underlie the conversation and she takes the time to explain them to me (as well as all the deviations from the rules of which there are a few in Italian). Working with her got me through living in Italy for 3+ months and I look forward to continuing our lessons well into the future.
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Mara is an experienced teach who is passionate about teaching English to people of all ages. I recommend her to anyone
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I am a private teacher in English, German and Italian. I am a Master's graduate in Translation and Interpreting at the University of Genoa, Italy. I am Italian native speaker. I know English and German at C2 level and Russian at B2 level.
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Federico is an exceptional teacher. He is patient, knowledgable and makes learning much less stressful. In the short time I've been working with him I feel that my Italian has grown so much faster. He has so many resources to share with his students and helps to coach me through the difficult parts of language learning! I highly recommend him to anyone wanted to learn Italian, it is truly a wonderful experience.
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Thank you Dan for the great review! A student like you makes everything easier. I hope to continue like that!
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Hello everyone! I have been teaching Italian to foreigners in Bologna for 10 years, collaborating with local associations. I graduated in History, but later I specialized in teaching Italian by obtaining the Ditals, and in 2019 a master's degree at the Ca 'Foscari University of Venice in "Advanced planning of teaching Italian language and culture to foreigners". I love my job very much and I do it with dedication and passion. I have experience with students of all levels of Italian, from beginners to advanced, and in preparing for language tests. I adapt my teaching methods to the characteristics and training needs of my students, so as to favor a more effective, engaging and motivating learning. The materials I use are authentic, original texts and videos adapted for educational purposes. I love to use computer technologies for the preparation of interactive exercises, especially for the exercise of grammar. If you want to learn Italian in an engaging and motivating way, contact me! I'm waiting for you for a trial lesson!
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Cristiana is a delightful person and a very effective teacher. As a beginner, my almost nonexistent Italian skills and understanding requires a patient teacher who is willing to take the time to ensure I understand concepts, usage etc. before moving on. I highly recommend her as a tutor.
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Hello everyone! I have been teaching Italian to foreigners in Bologna for 10 years, collaborating with local associations. I graduated in History, but later I specialized in teaching Italian by obtaining the Ditals, and in 2019 a master's degree at the Ca 'Foscari University of Venice in "Advanced planning of teaching Italian language and culture to foreigners". I love my job very much and I do it with dedication and passion. I have experience with students of all levels of Italian, from beginners to advanced, and in preparing for language tests. I adapt my teaching methods to the characteristics and training needs of my students, so as to favor a more effective, engaging and motivating learning. The materials I use are authentic, original texts and videos adapted for educational purposes. I love to use computer technologies for the preparation of interactive exercises, especially for the exercise of grammar. If you want to learn Italian in an engaging and motivating way, contact me! I'm waiting for you for a trial lesson!
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I can only recommend Cristiana as a teacher! The lessons are well structured and adjusted to the students needs. She explains a lot and motivates the students to speak in Italian. She supports the learning with a lot of material and explains the logic of the language.
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Hello my name is Lucia and I am a native Italian speaker.
I have a degree as an interpreter for English and French so I know how hard it may be to learn a foreign language. I work as a free-lance interpreter and private English and French teacher. I have a strong passion for languages which I have been studying for many years. I am studying Spanish now and always trying to improve my English and French knowledge. I am a friendly person and my lessons mainly focus on conversation. As a teacher I am very patient and I always propose tailor-made lessons with respect to your needs. I am really enthusiastic about being a teacher because this activity allows you to share your culture and habits with foreign people. Learning a language is also learning a new culture.
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Lucia is a very engaging and sympathetic teacher. And although we have only done a couple of lessons we are feeling much more confident about the possibility of being able to converse in Italian. Thank you Lucia!
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I am Russian native speaker and I've been teaching Russian over the last four years. I teach students of all levels, from zero to advanced level, teenagers and adults. Great focus will be on grammar, listening and conversation. After few lessons you will already notice the improvements.
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Lera is a fantastic teacher, incredibly patient and I really look forward to the next lesson. Russian is not an easy language for me but with lera’s kindness and patience I enjoy the small steps I am making in my journey to learn Russian language.
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I offer English and Indonesian language classes. My class is based on conversation practice. You will learn grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary through practice. You will learn in a safest way because I always want to make sure my students feel comfortable and safe during the class, so they are not afraid to make mistakes.
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Ade is a very gentle person with lots of experience in teaching English. She offers well structured lessons, I totally recommend her!
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Native teacher with 30 years of teaching experience. Bachelor of Education (Sydney Australia). Dynamic and interactive lessons where the student is an active participant. The lessons can be tailored to your personal and professional needs. I prepare students for international exams.
Join me and let's have fun learning together.
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July is really the best teacher you can get. She prepares extremely well-structured lessons and is very kind. I totally recommend her to anyone that wants to learn English.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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Why should you choose me? Take a look at what people say who have taken online classes with me.
Book lessons with me and
- prepare Dutch exams "Basisinburgering A1" and "Inburgeringsexamen A2". Your full commitment and my energetic, professional approach are the winning combination to help you succeed at once!
- learn Dutch because you live in the Netherlands (or are planning to move there) and still don’t speak the language properly or haven’t started yet. You’ll enjoy your environment more!
- learn Italian for work or because you will move to this beautiful country or simply because you just love it. Let me help you experience the language!
- study Spanish for pleasure, work or because you have to prepare an exam for school and you need to get confident to perform optimally
- get confident in useful daily conversations, meetings at work, exams, and presentations
- overcome the fear of failure; if you have learning problems, feel shy or need a boost of energy you’ll get confident enough to achieve your goals
My lessons are based on conversations. My method is to help you practice the language from the very beginning in spontaneous and direct conversations, using often role plays.
With books, articles, songs, and other interesting and stimulating material I will encourage conversation, develop grammar in a simpler way, and improve pronunciation.
Learning a foreign language is not a matter of doing much effort, but rather of being consistent, enjoying the lessons and allowing your intuition to work with you. You will book immediate results while having fun!
I've been teaching Dutch, Spanish and Italian for many years, in The Netherlands, for private institutes, for the integration of foreigners into society (Inburgering), and online from Italy, where I currently live.
Contact me for a free trial and let me know how I can help you.
CANCELATION POLICY
If you cancel a reservation please do it at least 24 hours before the session
(otherwise I would have to charge you for the lesson).
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Very Nice communication, easy to study and prictice Italiano, I am a Biginner and She has the patient to understand me.
Elena P.
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Thank you so much for the feedback, Pedro! It's a pleasure to work with you and help you achieve your goal.
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Hello, my name is Francesca.
I am qualified Italian teacher.
I love teaching and my lessons are always tailored on your goals. During the first lesson, we will identify what you want to learn or to improve and I will design your lessons.
My approach is largely conversational: that is role-plays, informal conversation or other activites to help you. I welcome beginners right up to proficient speakers.
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Had my trial class with Francesca. She creates a very inviting atmosphere for a pleasant communication despite the language challenges. Although it was just an introductory class, I have already learned a few things.. Going to continue my studies with Francesca !
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
Are you seeking a friendly and dynamic study environment ? I got what you need. I am looking forward to being in touch with new students and organize pleasant, interesting and fruitful courses.
Do you wish to learn or improve your Italian to speak with your parents or friends? Do you need Italian for work or study ? Do you simply love Italian language and culture ? Do you need to improve your writing skills ?
My classes are tailored on your needs and considering your level of knowledge, I create a proper course plan. Classes focus on language and on the possibility for you to improve your ability to speak and understand Italian in your daily life or in work.
I offer 1-to-1 or 2-to-1 tuition, general Italian courses (grammar, conversation, listening, reading and writing), preparation to Italian examinations (all levels, also Italian for residence permit) and Italian and culture courses.
Grammar, vocabulary exercises, reading articles and magazines and talking together are all tools to feel at ease with the Italian language and then be able to practice it.
I have worked with children, adolescents and adults for all levels of Italian, from beginner to advanced. I have experience in preparing students to international certification (CILS, PLIDA). I was an A2/B1 Telc examiner.
Learning Italian can be closely related to culture, literature, music, sport and any other interest of my students.
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Elena is an incredible teacher. She has great methodology and knowledge to assist the student in his needs. She helps you to see your potential and gives feedback helping you to improve your knowledge of the language. Thanks Elena for you support in this process.
Elena F.
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Thanks so much ! It is a pleasure to work with you, you are a very good and very very nice student.
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Rina is a pleasure to work with. Her lessons go by quickly, because they are a lot of fun. She is always on time, sends the material beforehand, is always available for questions and corrects homework right away. She is funny & energetic. She speaks German and Italian. I can only recommend taking lessons with her, because it is fun and you learn quickly and good.
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I am Chiara an I am a native italian teacher. I hold a degree in linguistic and teaching italian as a second language.
I also hold CEDILS certificate in teaching italian as a foreign language.
I worked in an australian college for a year and I also have been working for three years in a language school in the centre of Florence with people from all the countries around the world.: Brazil, Cina, England, France, United States and many more.
I love writing, travelling and sport.
When we will learn italian together we will start from your level and your goals.
We will do grammar lessons, conversation lessons, everything you need to reach your goal and we will do all of this having fun.
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Above all, Chiara is very resourceful. She can talk to you on any subject, that is, if you are interested in speaking Italian. She is patient, assists you with every little step. I could not expect anything better!
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Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
I am available for any explanations also via e mail
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Luisa is very patient and personable. I tend to want to understand the rules that underlie the conversation and she takes the time to explain them to me (as well as all the deviations from the rules of which there are a few in Italian). Working with her got me through living in Italy for 3+ months and I look forward to continuing our lessons well into the future.
Luisa A.
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Dear Juliet thank you, thank you so much !!!!! you improve because you're a good student !!!!
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