Auxiliary verbs (essere, avere) in Italian
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Italian language uses mainly to auxiliary verbs, namely essere (to be) and avere (to have).
The auxiliary verbs are characterized by two main aspects:
Verbs | Proper meaning | Auxiliary value |
---|---|---|
Essere | Io sono suo figlio. (I am her son) | Loro sono uscite insieme. (They went out together) |
Avere | Voi avete una bellissimo gatto. (You have a beautiful cat) | Noi non avevamo capito nulla. (We didn't understand nothing) |
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Avere as auxiliary is used with:
Infinitive verb | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
Lavorare | Tu hai lavorato fino a tardi. | You worked till late. |
Camminare | Egli ha camminato per arrivare a casa tua. | He walked to reach your house. |
Ridere | Perché avete riso così tanto? | Why did you laugh so much? |
Dormire | Il bambino ha dormito tutto il pomeriggio. | The child slept for all the afternoon. |
Essere as auxiliary is used with:
Infinitive form | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
Arrivare | Mia zia è arrivata ieri mattina. | My aunt arrived yesterday morning. |
Scoppiare | Sono scoppiati tutti i palloncini. | All the baloons have burst. |
Cadere | Il bambino è caduto mentre correva. | The boy has fallen while he was running. |
Andare | Come è andato il tuo esame? | How was your exam? |
Venire | Ieri è venuta con noi. | She came with us yesterday. |
Stare | Credevo saresti stata a casa di tuo fratello. | I thought you would have stayed at your brother's. |
Tornare | Come mai siete tornate qui? | Why did you come back here? |
Nascere | Ieri è nata mia cugina. | Yesterday my cousin is born. |
Chiamarsi | Quella città è chiamata la Città del Sole. | That city is called the City of Light. |
Arrabbiarsi | Voi vi siete arrabbiati molto. | You really got angry. |
Lavarsi | Tu ti sei sempre lavato la sera. | You have always washed yourself in the evening. |
There are some verbs that don't follow strictly this distinction.
Remember! You could find verbs with both essere and avere.
Unfortunately, there are not a clear way to identify these verbs.
The presence of essere or avere could depend on:
Infinitive form | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
Vivere | Ho vissuto in Inghilterra. Sono vissuto in Inghilterra. | I lived in England. |
Correre | Sono corso alla fermata dell'autobus. Ho corso una maratona. | I ran to the bus station. I ran the marathon. |
Finire | Hai finito presto i compiti. Il film è finito tardi. | You have finished your homework soon. The movie finished late at night. |
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Hi!
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https://campsite.bio/mariateresa.medici
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1 Conjugation of essere (to be) in Italian | A lesson on the Italian auxiliary verb essere (to be). |
2 Conjugation of avere (to have) in Italian | A lesson on the Italian auxiliary verb avere |