Past perfect subjunctive (trapassato congiuntivo)
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Lesson outline
Hide- 1.What is the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian?
- 1.1.Where and how to use the past perfect subjunctive in Italian
- 1.2.If clause (periodo ipotetico) in Italian with past perfect subjunctive
- 1.2.1.How to use the past perfect subjunctive in the Italian hypothetical clauses
- 2.How to conjugate the past perfect subjunctive in Italian
- 2.1.Regular verbs in Italian past perfect subjunctive
- 2.1.1.Verbs of -are conjugation
- 2.1.2.Verbs of -ere conjugation
- 2.1.3.Verbs of -ire conjugation
- 2.2.Irregular verbs in Italian past perfect subjunctive (trapassato congiuntivo)
- 2.3.The congiuntivo trapassato of transitive and intransitive verbs
- 2.3.1.Some exceptions
- 3.Auxiliary verbs in Italian past perfect subjunctive: che io fossi stato / che io avessi avuto
- 4.Exercises
- 4.1.Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian
- 4.2.Choose the correct form for the passato congiuntivo of the following verbs
What is the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian?
The past perfect subjunctive (or trapassato congiuntivo) is the the last tense of the subjunctive mood in Italian.
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Where and how to use the past perfect subjunctive in Italian
The trapassato congiuntivo appears in the same contexts in which both other subjunctive tenses appear.
Indeed, it is used in independent and dependent (i.e. final, concessive, conditional, relative and temporal) clauses to convey:
- doubts, hypotheses, wishes and orders;
- objective or personal considerations about something.
| Example | Translation |
|---|---|
| Sembrava dubitare che Giovanni fosse andato alla festa. | She seemed to suspect that Giovanni hadn't ever gone to the party. |
| Se tu fossi stato più attento, non avresti fatto nessun incidente. | If you had been more careful, you would have never had any accident. |
| Sebbene tu non avessi detto nulla, qualcuno ha dubitato di te. | Even though you haven't said anything, someone suspected you. |
If clause (periodo ipotetico) in Italian with past perfect subjunctive
As it's worth for the imperfect tense of the subjunctive, the past perfect's main function is to convey hypothetical messages.
When Italian speakers use the past perfect subjunctive, they want to express hypothesis referring to a past event.
Conversely to the imperfect subjunctive, if you use the past perfect subjunctive you are going to suppose that an unreal and nearly impossible event will happen.
How to use the past perfect subjunctive in the Italian hypothetical clauses
The most important thing to remember to form the periodo ipotetico is that: if the main clause has a past conditional verb, the dependent clause will have the past perfect subjunctive.
Let's see some examples:
| Dependent clause (protasis): trapassato congiuntivo | Main clause (apodosis): condizionale passato |
|---|---|
| Se ella non fosse stata spaventata, (If she hadn't been scared) | sarebbe stata contenta. (she would have been very pleased) |
| Se noi non avessimo parlato di lui, (If we hadn't talked about him) | probabilmente non sarebbe successo nulla. (probably nothing would ever happened) |
The hypothetical sentences of irreality (with past tenses) must be always expressed by the conditional mood in the main clause and the subjunctive in the dependent clause.
How to conjugate the past perfect subjunctive in Italian
The congiuntivo trapassato follows the same complex structure of the congiuntivo passato.
Hence, it is formed using the imperfect subjunctive of the auxiliary (essere or avere) with the past participle of the specific verb.
Let's see some example for the three conjugations.
Regular verbs in Italian past perfect subjunctive
Verbs of -are conjugation
Incontrare (to meet)
| Auxiliary | Past Participle | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | avessi | incontrato | Se io non la avessi mai incontrata, sarei rimasta sola. | If I had never met her, I would probably have been lonely. |
| (Che) tu | avessi | incontrato | Non ero sicuro che tu lo avessi incontrato veramente. | I wasn't sure you had really met him. |
| (Che) egli / ella | avesse | incontrato | Se ella non ci avesse incontrato, sarebbe tornata a casa a piedi. | If she hadn't met us, she probably would have walked home. |
| (Che) noi | avessimo | incontrato | Nonostante ti avessimo incontrato pochi giorni fa, non ti abbiamo riconosciuto. | Even though we have met some days ago, we didn't recognize you. |
| (Che) voi | aveste | incontrato | Se non lo aveste incontrato, chissà cosa sarebbe successo. | If you had never met him, who knows what would have happened. |
| (Che) essi / esse | avessero | incontrato | Sebbene loro avessero incontrato quel ragazzo alla festa, non ne ricordavano il nome. | Even though they had met that boy at the party, they weren't able to recall his name. |
Verbs of -ere conjugation
Credere (to believe)
| Auxiliary | Past Participle | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | avessi | creduto | Se io ti avessi creduto, non so cosa sarebbe accaduto. | If I had believed you, I don't know what would have happened. |
| (Che) tu | avessi | creduto | Avevo dubitato che tu mi avessi creduto. | I suspected you hadn't believed me. |
| (Che) egli / ella | avesse | creduto | Sebbene tu le avessi creduto, era ancora triste. | Even though you had believed her, she was still sad. |
| (Che) noi | avessimo | creduto | Pensavano che noi ci avessimo creduto. | They though we had believed it. |
| (Che) voi | aveste | creduto | Cosa sarebbe successo se voi ci aveste creduto? | What would have happened if you had believed that? |
| (Che) essi / esse | avessero | creduto | Se essi avessero scoperto quello che noi avevamo fatto, saremmo finiti nei guai. | If they found out what we have done, we would have got in trouble. |
Verbs of -ire conjugation
Sentire (to hear)
| Auxiliary | Past Participle | Example | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | avessi | sentito | Non sapevi che io ti avessi sentito arrivare? | Didn't you know I have heard you coming? |
| (Che) tu | avessi | sentito | Non sapevo che tu mi avessi sentito arrivare. | I didn't know you had heard me coming. |
| (Che) egli / ella | avesse | sentito | Non eravamo sicuri che ella ci avesse sentito arrivare. | We weren't sure that she had heard us coming. |
| (Che) noi | avessimo | sentito | Si chiedeva se noi l'avessimo sentita arrivare. | She was wondering if we had heard her coming. |
| (Che) voi | aveste | sentito | Come facevamo a sapere se voi ci aveste sentito arrivare? | How could we know if you had heard us coming? |
| (Che) essi / esse | avessero | sentito | Non avevo idea di quando mi avessero sentito arrivare. | I haven't understood when they had heard me coming. |
Irregular verbs in Italian past perfect subjunctive (trapassato congiuntivo)
Italian language has a lot of irregular verbs that don't follow any inflectional pattern or any grammatical rule. This type of verbs has some particular forms that must be learned by heart.
Most irregular verbs in Italian are from the -ere conjugation.
Concerning the past perfect subjunctive, as we have seen for past subjunctive, we are mostly interested in the past participle irregular forms.
| Fare (to do) | Vedere (to see) | Scegliere (to choose) | Leggere (to read) | Porre (to put) | Rimanere (to stay) | Perdere (to loose) | Prendere (to take) | Chiedere (to ask) | Apparire (to appear) | Dire (to say) | Aprire (to open) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | avessi fatto | avessi visto | avessi scelto | avessi letto | avessi posto | fossi* rimasto/a | avessi perso | avessi preso | avessi chiesto | fossi* apparso/a | avessi detto | avessi aperto |
| (Che) tu | avessi fatto | avessi visto | avessi scelto | avessi letto | avessi posto | fossi* rimasto/a | avessi perso | avessi preso | avessi chiesto | fossi* apparso/a | avessi detto | avessi aperto |
| (Che) egli / ella | avesse fatto | avesse visto | avesse scelto | avesse letto | avesse posto | fosse* rimasto/a | avesse perso | avesse preso | avesse chiesto | fosse* apparso/a | avesse detto | avesse aperto |
| (Che) noi | avessimo fatto | avessimo visto | avessimo scelto | avessimo letto | avessimo posto | fossimo* rimasti/e | avessimo perso | avessimo preso | avessimo chiesto | fossimo* apparsi/e | avessimo detto | avessimo aperto |
| (Che) voi | aveste fatto | aveste visto | aveste scelto | aveste letto | aveste posto | foste* rimasti/e | aveste perso | aveste preso | aveste chiesto | foste* apparsi/e | aveste detto | aveste aperto |
| (Che) essi / esse | avessero fatto | avessero visto | abbiano scelto | abbiano letto | abbiano posto | siano rimasti/e | abbiano perso | abbiano preso | abbiano chiesto | siano* apparsi/e | abbiano detto | abbiano aperto |
* Remember! All the transitive verbs in Italian use essere as auxiliary; all the intransitive ones use avere.
The congiuntivo trapassato of transitive and intransitive verbs
As we said before, transitive verbs are followed by an object and their auxiliary verb is avere.
Non ero sicura che voi aveste fatto i compiti. (I weren't sure you have done your homework)
Intransitive verbs cannot be followed by an object and their auxiliary verb is essere.
- Gli è dispiaciuto che loro non fossero rimasti con noi. (He felt sorry that they haven't stayed with us)
Some exceptions
As we have seen for the congiuntivo passato, some verbs (e.g. correre, salire, scendere) can be both transitive and intransitive and have both essere and avere.
| Correre (to run) | Salire (to go up, to get in) | Scendere (to go down, to descend) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | avessi corso - fossi corso/a | avessi salito - fossi salito/a | avessi sceso - fossi sceso/a |
| (Che) tu | avessi corso - fossi corso/a | avessi salito - fossi salito/a | avessi sceso - fossi sceso/a |
| (Che) egli / ella | avesse corso - fosse corso/a | avesse salito - fosse salito/a | avesse sceso - fosse sceso/a |
| (Che) noi | avessimo corso - fossimo corsi/e | avessimo salito - fossimo saliti/e | avessimo sceso - fossimo scesi/e |
| (Che) voi | aveste corso - foste corsi/e | aveste salito - foste saliti/e | aveste sceso - foste scesi/e |
| (Che) essi / esse | avessero corso - fossero corsi/e | avessero salito - fossero saliti/e | avessero sceso - fossero scesi/e |
These verbs use avere when the focus of the sentence is on the action. The use of essere occurs when the focus is on the destination, the purpose or the aim of the action.
e.g. Pensavo che Luca avesse corso il rischio di perdere la partita. (I thought that Luca had run the risk of loosing the game)
Pensavo che Luca fosse corso in suo aiuto. (I thought that Luca had rushed to her aid)
Auxiliary verbs in Italian past perfect subjunctive: che io fossi stato / che io avessi avuto
Below, you will find the trapassato congiuntivo of essere and of avere.
| Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | |
|---|---|---|
| (Che) io | fossi stato/a | avessi avuto |
| (Che) tu | fossi stato/a | avessi avuto |
| (Che) egli / ella | fosse stato/a | avesse avuto |
| (Che) noi | fossimo stati/e | avessimo avuto |
| (Che) voi | foste stati/e | aveste avuto |
| (Che) essi / esse | fossero stati/e | avessero avuto |
Exercises
- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian
- Choose the correct form for the passato congiuntivo of the following verbs
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian
Fill in the missing form of the past perfect subjunctive in Italian.
1. Non avevo idea che lo (do) tu! - I hadn't a clue that you did this!
2. Dubitavo che voi (be) qui. - I doubted that you had been here.
3. La avrei contattata anche se ella non mi (say) nulla. - I was going to get in touch with her even if she hadn't sayed anything to me.
4. Se tu non lo (see) arrivare, non avresti capito che era lui. - If you had never seen him coming, you wouldn't have realized it was him.
5. Sebbene voi non me lo (ask), io ho raccontato ugualmente della mia gita. - Even though you hadn't asked me, I have talked anyway about my trip.
6. Se noi non (stay) così a lungo, avremmo dormito più a lungo. - If we hadn't stayed for so long, we would have slept longer.
7. Pensavo che voi (climb) le scale insieme a me. - I thought you had climbed the stairs with me.
8. Essi temevano che tu (fall). - They were afraid you had fallen down.
9. Ella credeva che Andrea (rush) in suo aiuto. - She believed that Andrea had rushed to his aid.
10. Ero incuriosito che voi (choose) quel vestito. - I was intrigued by the fact that you had chosen that dress.
Choose the correct form for the passato congiuntivo of the following verbs
Solution
Tu pensavi che lei __________ con me? - Did you believe that she had come along with me?
fosse venuta
Sebbene lei ___________ quel libro mille volte, continuava a rileggerlo. - Even if she had read that book several times, she was still re-reading it.
avesse letto
Se tu ____________ come ti dicevo, adesso non saremmo nei guai. - If you had done what I told you, now we wouldn't have been in trouble.
avessi fatto
Se ella non le ______________ nulla, a quest'ora loro due non starebbero insieme. - If she hadn't told her anything, they wouldn't have been together now.
avesse detto
Sarebbe stato meglio se tu __________ le scale lentamente - It would have been better if you had gone down the stairs slowly.
avessi sceso
Mi chiedevo come mai esse non ____________ in piazza. - I was wondering why they hadn't gone down to the street.
fossero scese
Non sapevo che anche voi ___________ in Norvegia! - I didn't know that you had been in Norway, too.
foste stati
Sarebbe stato meglio se loro ______________ la finestra. - It would have been better if they had opened the window.
avessero aperto
Exercises
- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian
- Choose the correct form for the passato congiuntivo of the following verbs
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the trapassato congiuntivo in Italian
Fill in the missing form of the past perfect subjunctive in Italian.
1. Non avevo idea che lo (do) tu! - I hadn't a clue that you did this!
2. Dubitavo che voi (be) qui. - I doubted that you had been here.
3. La avrei contattata anche se ella non mi (say) nulla. - I was going to get in touch with her even if she hadn't sayed anything to me.
4. Se tu non lo (see) arrivare, non avresti capito che era lui. - If you had never seen him coming, you wouldn't have realized it was him.
5. Sebbene voi non me lo (ask), io ho raccontato ugualmente della mia gita. - Even though you hadn't asked me, I have talked anyway about my trip.
6. Se noi non (stay) così a lungo, avremmo dormito più a lungo. - If we hadn't stayed for so long, we would have slept longer.
7. Pensavo che voi (climb) le scale insieme a me. - I thought you had climbed the stairs with me.
8. Essi temevano che tu (fall). - They were afraid you had fallen down.
9. Ella credeva che Andrea (rush) in suo aiuto. - She believed that Andrea had rushed to his aid.
10. Ero incuriosito che voi (choose) quel vestito. - I was intrigued by the fact that you had chosen that dress.
Choose the correct form for the passato congiuntivo of the following verbs
Solution
Tu pensavi che lei __________ con me? - Did you believe that she had come along with me?
fosse venuta
Sebbene lei ___________ quel libro mille volte, continuava a rileggerlo. - Even if she had read that book several times, she was still re-reading it.
avesse letto
Se tu ____________ come ti dicevo, adesso non saremmo nei guai. - If you had done what I told you, now we wouldn't have been in trouble.
avessi fatto
Se ella non le ______________ nulla, a quest'ora loro due non starebbero insieme. - If she hadn't told her anything, they wouldn't have been together now.
avesse detto
Sarebbe stato meglio se tu __________ le scale lentamente - It would have been better if you had gone down the stairs slowly.
avessi sceso
Mi chiedevo come mai esse non ____________ in piazza. - I was wondering why they hadn't gone down to the street.
fossero scese
Non sapevo che anche voi ___________ in Norvegia! - I didn't know that you had been in Norway, too.
foste stati
Sarebbe stato meglio se loro ______________ la finestra. - It would have been better if they had opened the window.
avessero aperto
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Since I learn languages myself, I know the difficulties and hurdles that can arise when learning a foreign language. I take away your fear of using the German language, because the best way to learn a language is to speak it!
You want to take a telc or Goethe exam? I will help you! I teach from level B1 to C2. In the course of my teaching I have specialised in students and adult learners from the age of 19 who want to take one of these exams for professional or private reasons.
If you only want to prepare orally for an exam with me, I offer conversation lessons where I give you strategies and tips on how to pass the exam. You will do a lot of speaking and learn the phrases that are most important for the exam at your level.
I'll also show you how to integrate German into your everyday life, recommend podcasts, books and series to expand your vocabulary.
Are you looking for a job and need help with your application? No problem, I give you application training, revise your CV with you and write applications together with you. I will also prepare you for your job interviews.
Don't be shy and write to me before you book a trial lesson. Together we will work out a syllabus that is tailored to your needs and goals. We will learn what is important for you at this stage and where I see room for improvement. I adapt each lesson individually to you.
Due to my eight-year stay abroad in Ireland, I have a very good knowledge of English and can also explain something to you in English or Spanish, but in my lessons we almost only speak German together.
What can you expect in my lessons?
- Creative and professional preparation for telc or Goethe from B1 level upwards
- Conversation classes
- Language lessons individually adapted to your needs, each lesson is prepared for you individually
- Application training and help with application letters, revision of your CV
- Grammar explanations that YOU just need.
- Quizzes, puzzles, worksheets, books, conversation topics and much more. Learning should be fun!
The most important thing is that you invest a little time and feel like learning with me. In return, you should also do the homework so that we can make good progress. I will be happy to correct it. Let me inspire you!
L. K.
Amazing teacher with excellent pedagogical skills! She has helped me very well to improve my german. Absolutely recommended!
Larissa L.
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
P. N.
Very Nice communication, easy to study and practice Italiano, I am a Beginner and She has the patience to understand me.
Hola Pedro, thanks for your words. I'm glad you enjoyed our first class. Get ready, we are going to learn more and more! :-D
Hi, welcome to my profile!
My name is Alessia and I currently live in Italy. I spent a few years in the United States where I deepened my knowledge of English and American dialects. I am currently specializing in Spanish and German. Over the years, I have given private lessons in Italian, English, Spanish, and Japanese, with Japanese being the most requested at the moment. Regarding Japanese, I had the opportunity to teach the language at an American college with a native Japanese teacher, applying the method that they use to learn their own language. I will help you in a simple way; conversation is really important for learning a language, and a good method is even more fundamental. No days spent on textbooks are needed; consistency and fun during lessons are the most important parts of learning. You will see results right away! I am patient, flexible, and will adapt in every way to your personal needs. I look forward to seeing you on my profile for a trial lesson and discovering an easy and fun method to learn a language as soon as possible.
C. .
I Have had a few weeks of Italian lessons with Alessia and I have found them very useful. In our first lesson we spoke about what I wanted (hoped) to learn and she has prepared resources based on this conversation and my ability level for every lesson since then. Her lessons are a nice mix of conversation, reading, written and spoken exercises. We use a text book (supplied by Alessia) as well as additional material when suitable. I recommend Alessia as a tutor.
Alessia T.
I am a private teacher in English, German and Italian. I am a Master's graduate in Translation and Interpreting at the University of Genoa, Italy. I am Italian native speaker. I know English and German at C2 level and Russian at B2 level.
I have been studying English for the last 15 years, first at school and then at the university and I have improved it on my frequent stays abroad. I have now been teaching English for 4 years, first to school children and teenagers and now adults too. I have experience teaching online and at home. I also have taught group classes.
Being fluent in several languages allows me to give students further explainations in their native language when needed. This also allows me to put myself in my students' shoes and understand better their difficulties. I try to meet the student's personal needs and objectives rather than impose my standard class.
During my classes I focus on the active skills of language, speaking and writing. I often ask students to do presentations so they practice writing and speaking at once. I strongly encourage self-studying along with frontal teaching in order to considerably shorten learning time. Homework is for me as important as frontal classes. If needed, I can provide students with textbooks and online material such as videos, news, songs and textes.
D. T.
Federico is an exceptional teacher. He is patient, knowledgable and makes learning much less stressful. In the short time I've been working with him I feel that my Italian has grown so much faster. He has so many resources to share with his students and helps to coach me through the difficult parts of language learning! I highly recommend him to anyone wanted to learn Italian, it is truly a wonderful experience.
Federico C.
Thank you Dan for the great review! A student like you makes everything easier. I hope to continue like that!
Why should you choose me? Take a look at what people say who have taken online classes with me.
Book lessons with me and
- prepare Dutch exams "Basisinburgering A1" and "Inburgeringsexamen A2". Your full commitment and my energetic, professional approach are the winning combination to help you succeed at once!
- learn Dutch because you live in the Netherlands (or are planning to move there) and still don’t speak the language properly or haven’t started yet. You’ll enjoy your environment more!
- learn Italian for work or because you will move to this beautiful country or simply because you just love it. Let me help you experience the language!
- study Spanish for pleasure, work or because you have to prepare an exam for school and you need to get confident to perform optimally
- get confident in useful daily conversations, meetings at work, exams, and presentations
- overcome the fear of failure; if you have learning problems, feel shy or need a boost of energy you’ll get confident enough to achieve your goals
My lessons are based on conversations. My method is to help you practice the language from the very beginning in spontaneous and direct conversations, using often role plays.
With books, articles, songs, and other interesting and stimulating material I will encourage conversation, develop grammar in a simpler way, and improve pronunciation.
Learning a foreign language is not a matter of doing much effort, but rather of being consistent, enjoying the lessons and allowing your intuition to work with you. You will book immediate results while having fun!
I've been teaching Dutch, Spanish and Italian for many years, in The Netherlands, for private institutes, for the integration of foreigners into society (Inburgering), and online from Italy, where I currently live.
Contact me for a free trial and let me know how I can help you.
CANCELATION POLICY
If you cancel a reservation please do it at least 24 hours before the session
(otherwise I would have to charge you for the lesson).
M. K.
Elena is a great teacher, she is extremely accessible, knowledgeable and will work with you to develop the best approach that works best for you. My husband and I have had multiple lessons now and we enjoy it a lot and look forward every week to the next lesson!
Elena P.
Thank you for your feedback, Marja. It's a real pleasure to work with you and your husband. I am very satisfied of the results that you both have achieved in such a short time!
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
D. S.
Fabulous teacher. Very clear, very encouraging and very helpful. Also very flexible and accommodating. Cannot recommend Daniela highly enough.
Daniela V.
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
A. .
Daniela is super nice! Super professional and lessons delivered in a informal and enjoyable way! Thanks Daniela :)
Daniela V.
Hi, guys! My name is Lucia and I would like to invite you to learn Italian with me.
I am both a native speaker and a QUALIFIED teacher, as I hold a post-graduate degree in “Teaching Italian as a second language” and a national certification as teacher of Italian to not-native speaking.
My teaching method is COMMUNICATION-oriented and involves also the study of Italian culture and grammar. Indeed, as it happens in your mother language, the knowledge of spare words is not enough to get able to speak (i.e. INTERACT!) properly and conveniently.
I’ll prepare for you all teaching materials, tailoring lessons to your needs and interests, taking advantage from both the huge number of textbooks I hold and my creativity!
I offer lessons for all levels, from absolute beginners to advanced, as well as support in preparation to certification exams (I am also qualified ad examiner for the oral part of CELI).
Do not hesitate to get in contact with me to find a suitable time-slot for your trial lesson!
A. P.
Lucia is an excellent teacher of the Italian language with an excellent methodology, with a perfectly organized and individualized teaching program that meets the needs and level of each student and with a willingness to offer multidimensional tools to achieve the purpose of the courses. At the same time, she is an extremely noble and pleasant person, with amazing contagion in her field! An excellent teacher whom I feel extremely lucky to have met!
Lucia P.
Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
I am available for any explanations also via e mail
J. M.
Luisa is very patient and personable. I tend to want to understand the rules that underlie the conversation and she takes the time to explain them to me (as well as all the deviations from the rules of which there are a few in Italian). Working with her got me through living in Italy for 3+ months and I look forward to continuing our lessons well into the future.
Dear Juliet thank you, thank you so much !!!!! you improve because you're a good student !!!!
Hi, I'm Dajana, I'm 31 years old and I come from Naples.
I am graduated in Foreign Languages and Litteratures and I have a II Level Master degree in Teaching Italian as Second Language.
I have teached italian to foreign people, above all adults at any age, in several NGOs and social cooperatives in the last 4 years.
How will I teach you italian? By playing!
I know that studying a language by reading a grammar book and mechanically completing the attached exercises can be boring and above all does not train your mind.
Learning instead should be a pleasure, so I like to use small funny videos, songs, puzzles and so on.
I also prefer the inductive method so that you can understand how Italian works on your own and then fix the grammatical rules together.
That way you’ll learn Italian without even realizing it!
But all this depends on you and how you prefer to study. I will be very happy to adopt the method that suits your case. The most important thing is that you get your goals with pleasure!
Don’t you think studying can be a pleasure? Join me and you’ll find out!
Cheers,
Dajana
V. .
Dajana adapts to the profile of its students and their constraints, while ensuring follow-up between each lesson. The lessons also work very well in groups. I am very satisfied. Dajana adapts to its students and their constraints. She's also keen on ensuring a follow up between lessons. It also works very well in groups. I am fully satisfied
DAJANA D.