Italian sentences
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In order to structure an Italian sentence correctly it's necessary to remember some basic rules, which you will find back in this lesson.
Remember that the structure of a sentence is never really fixed, but rather changeable according to the communicative intentions of the speaker.
If you want to avoid mistakes and sound like a native speaker, it's fundamental to read, listen, and also try to speak Italian as much as possible.
Lesson outline
HideWord order in Italian
Let's analyze the main types of sentences used in everyday language.
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Affirmative sentences
The core of a basic affirmative sentence is composed of three parts, in this order:
Affirmative sentence: Subject + Verb + Object
Example: Io (Subject) + parlo (Verb) + con te (Object). (I talk with you)
If you want to add more elements to a simple sentence, it will be necessary to respect additional word order rules, which are analyzed here Italian sentence structure (word order) and here Structure of complex Italian sentences.
Negative sentences (Non)
To form simple negative sentences it's necessary to add Non (Not) before the verb you want to negate.
Negative sentence: Subject + Non + Verb + Object
- AFFIRMATIVE: Maria mangia il cioccolato. (Maria eats chocolate)
- NEGATIVE: Maria non mangia il cioccolato. (Maria doesn't eat chocolate)
If you want to know more, check out Italian negative sentences (negation).
Interrogative sentences
To ask a question in Italian, you just need to use a rising intonation of your voice; the sentence structure remains unchanged.
Don't forget to add a question mark at the end of a written sentence.
Interrogative sentence: Same structure + Rising intonation + (Question mark)
- AFFIRMATIVE: Marco è andato in montagna ieri. (Marco went to the mountains yesterday)
- INTERROGATIVE: Marco è andato in montagna ieri? (Did Marco go to the mountains yesterday?)
Wh- Questions
If you want to ask a question with one of the so-called Wh-Questions, the sentence structure changes as follows:
Wh- Questions: Interrogative adjective/adverb/pronoun + Verb + Subject
To learn more, take a look at Italian interrogative sentences (questions).
Italian conditional sentences (if-clauses)
If-clauses are introduced by the adverb Se (If).
The If-Clause can precede or follow the main clause.
If-clauses (1): Se + Clause + Comma + Main clause
If-clauses (2): Main clause + Se + Clause
To learn more, check out Italian conditional sentences (if-clauses).
Italian active and passive voice
Active sentences
The subject carries out the action expressed by the verb.
Active form: Subject + Verb + Direct object
Passive sentences
The action falls on the object, which is moved at the beginning of the sentence.
Passive form: Direct object + Verb + [Preposition Da + Subject/Agent]
The passive could also be built with Si and the following structure:
Passive with Si: Si + Verb + Rest of the sentence
To take a deeper look at this topic, go to Italian passive sentences.
Italian impersonal construction
These sentences don't have a specified subject, but are rather carried out by everyone, all.
Impersonal form: Si + Verb + Rest of the sentence
If you want to know more, go to Italian impersonal construction (Si impersonale).
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My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
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I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
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