Conjugation of dovere (must) in Italian
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The Italian modal verb dovere expresses duty or the necessity to do something. It's the equivalent of English to have to and must.
It has an irregular conjugation, and therefore presents many different forms for each tense.
Unlike English must and to have to, which convey two different types of duty, in Italian dovere can specity both the need and the obligation to perform the action introduced by the verb.
Example | Translation |
---|---|
Devo andare a scuola. | I have to go to school. I must go to school. |
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Below you can find the complete conjugation of dovere. Like you will notice, this verb has not the imperative mood.
Present | Present Perfect | Imperfect | Past Perfect | Absolute Past | Preterite Perfect | Future Simple | Future Perfect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Io | devo | ho dovuto | dovevo | avevo dovuto | dovetti | ebbi dovuto | dovrò | avrò dovuto |
Tu | devi | hai dovuto | dovevi | avevi dovuto | dovesti | avesti dovuto | dovrai | avrai dovuto |
Egli / ella | deve | ha dovuto | doveva | aveva dovuto | dovette | ebbe dovuto | dovrà | avrà dovuto |
Noi | dobbiamo | abbiamo dovuto | dovevamo | avevamo dovuto | dovemmo | avemmo dovuto | dovremo | avremo dovuto |
Voi | dovete | avete dovuto | dovevate | avevate dovuto | doveste | aveste dovuto | dovrete | avrete dovuto |
Essi / esse | devono | hanno dovuto | dovevano | avevano dovuto | dovettero | ebbero dovuto | dovranno | avranno dovuto |
Present | Past | Imperfect | Past Perfect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | debba | abbia dovuto | dovessi | avessi dovuto |
(Che) tu | debba | abbia dovuto | dovessi | avessi dovuto |
(Che) egli / ella | debba | abbia dovuto | dovesse | avesse dovuto |
(Che) noi | dobbiamo | abbiamo dovuto | dovessimo | avessimo dovuto |
(Che) voi | dobbiate | abbiate dovuto | doveste | aveste dovuto |
(Che) essi / esse | debbano | abbiano dovuto | dovessero | avessero dovuto |
Present | Past | |
---|---|---|
Io | dovrei | avrei dovuto |
Tu | dovresti | avresti dovuto |
Egli / ella | dovrebbe | avrebbe dovuto |
Noi | dovremmo | avremmo dovuto |
Voi | dovreste | avreste dovuto |
Essi / esse | dovrebbero | avrebbero dovuto |
The conditional conjugation of dovere is very used to express advice or counsel. It could be compared to the should clause in English.
e.g. Credo che dovresti tornare al lavoro. (I think you should get back to work)
Oggi avrei dovuto studiare, ma non ne avevo voglia! (I should have studied today, but I didn't really feel like).
Present | Past |
---|---|
dovere | avere dovuto |
Present | Past |
---|---|
- | dovuto |
Present | Past |
---|---|
dovendo | avendo dovuto |
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My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
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Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
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Daniel is a teacher with a lot of experience in teaching and plenty of materials. .I can totally recommend him
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
Are you seeking a friendly and dynamic study environment ? I got what you need. I am looking forward to being in touch with new students and organize pleasant, interesting and fruitful courses.
Do you wish to learn or improve your Italian to speak with your parents or friends? Do you need Italian for work or study ? Do you simply love Italian language and culture ? Do you need to improve your writing skills ?
My classes are tailored on your needs and considering your level of knowledge, I create a proper course plan. Classes focus on language and on the possibility for you to improve your ability to speak and understand Italian in your daily life or in work.
I offer 1-to-1 or 2-to-1 tuition, general Italian courses (grammar, conversation, listening, reading and writing), preparation to Italian examinations (all levels, also Italian for residence permit) and Italian and culture courses.
Grammar, vocabulary exercises, reading articles and magazines and talking together are all tools to feel at ease with the Italian language and then be able to practice it.
I have worked with children, adolescents and adults for all levels of Italian, from beginner to advanced. I have experience in preparing students to international certification (CILS, PLIDA). I was an A2/B1 Telc examiner.
Learning Italian can be closely related to culture, literature, music, sport and any other interest of my students.
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Ade is a very gentle person with lots of experience in teaching English. She offers well structured lessons, I totally recommend her!
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Why should you choose me? Take a look at what people say who have taken online classes with me.
Book lessons with me and
- prepare Dutch exams "Basisinburgering A1" and "Inburgeringsexamen A2". Your full commitment and my energetic, professional approach are the winning combination to help you succeed at once!
- learn Dutch because you live in the Netherlands (or are planning to move there) and still don’t speak the language properly or haven’t started yet. You’ll enjoy your environment more!
- learn Italian for work or because you will move to this beautiful country or simply because you just love it. Let me help you experience the language!
- study Spanish for pleasure, work or because you have to prepare an exam for school and you need to get confident to perform optimally
- get confident in useful daily conversations, meetings at work, exams, and presentations
- overcome the fear of failure; if you have learning problems, feel shy or need a boost of energy you’ll get confident enough to achieve your goals
My lessons are based on conversations. My method is to help you practice the language from the very beginning in spontaneous and direct conversations, using often role plays.
With books, articles, songs, and other interesting and stimulating material I will encourage conversation, develop grammar in a simpler way, and improve pronunciation.
Learning a foreign language is not a matter of doing much effort, but rather of being consistent, enjoying the lessons and allowing your intuition to work with you. You will book immediate results while having fun!
I've been teaching Dutch, Spanish and Italian for many years, in The Netherlands, for private institutes, for the integration of foreigners into society (Inburgering), and online from Italy, where I currently live.
Contact me for a free trial and let me know how I can help you.
CANCELATION POLICY
If you cancel a reservation please do it at least 24 hours before the session
(otherwise I would have to charge you for the lesson).
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