German functions of words
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The grammatical category of a word is the category to which it belongs. Indeed, all the words can be grouped in the same category according to the characteristics that are similar.
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Nouns are categorized in three different categories.
gender | masculine, feminine, neuter |
---|---|
case | nominative, genitive, accusative, dative |
number | singular, plural |
Die Katzen der Männer sind lieb. - The cats of the men are nice.
gender | masculine |
---|---|
case | genitive |
number | plural |
Articles accompany a nouns. An article in the narrow sense is the definite and indefinite article of der, die and das. Article can be inflected (declined) and adapt the gender and number of the noun.
Die Katzen der Männer sind lieb. - The cats of the men are nice.
gender | feminine |
---|---|
case | nominative |
number | plural |
Verbs express actions, events, and states. A verb is the predicate of a sentence. A predicate contains at least one finite verb form (= in number and person defined). Verbs can be inflected (conjugated). A verb expresses Person, number, mood, tense and the active or passive state.
Ich gehe zur Arbeit. - I go to work.
number | which person (singular or plural ) | 1. person singular |
---|---|---|
mood | indicative or subjunctive I / subjunctive II | indicative |
tense | present, simple past, future I,... | present tense |
state | active or passive | active |
Adjectives serve to attribute to a living thing, an object, an action, a state, etc., a property, a particular trait. They can have the following functions
modifier of a noun | das aufregende Spiel | the exciting game |
---|---|---|
modifier of an adjective or adverb | typisch türkische Speisen | typical turkish dishes. |
predicative | das Spiel ist aufregend | the game is exciting |
adverb | gut Golf spielen | playing golf well |
Adjectives which function as modifier of a noun be inflected in gender, case and number. Adjective are mostly not inflected in other positions of a sentence.
Das Ergebnis der schweren Klausur ist online. - The result of the hard exam is online.
gender | feminine |
---|---|
case | genitive |
number | singular |
According to the classical definition, a pronoun is a word which stand for another word (a noun). There are seven classes of pronouns.
personal | a personal pronouns refers to a specific person, a group of people or an object. | Ich sehe dich. | I see you. |
---|---|---|---|
possessive | they are used to show, that a noun belongs to somebody or something. | Das ist meine Katze. | That is my cat. |
demonstrative | these pronouns are used when referring to something that is already defined. | Ja, die sehe ich. | Yes, I see that. |
interrogative | there are interrogative pronouns, so called "question words". | Wo bist du? | Where are you? |
reflexive | they are part of the verb which refers to someone. | Ich habe mich geschnitten. | I cut myself. |
indefinite | they are used to link to subjects or objects that are not defined. | Man kann es schaffen. | It is doable. |
relative | they describe the nouns more precisely. | Das Mädchen, das Sport mag | The girl, that likes sport. |
The adverb refers to the circumstances in which an action is happening. For example, there are adverbs of time, place and frequency. Adverbs can be used in different situations:
for a verb | Wir sind dorthin gefahren | We were driving there. |
---|---|---|
for an adjective | Das Leben ist besonders schön. | Life is especially nice. |
for an adverb | Wir sehen uns sehr bald. | We will see us very soon. |
predicative for nouns | Der Tisch ist dort. | The table is over there. |
attributive for nouns | Der Tisch dort ist dir. | The table over there is yours. |
Prepositions connect words and groups of words. They refer to a local, temporal, modal or causal relationship between two things.
temporal | Wir kennen uns seit Ewigkeiten. | We know each other since an eternity. |
---|---|---|
modal | Nur mit großem Aufwand gelang es. | Only with great effort was it accomplished |
causal | Wegen des Unwetters ist alles zerstört. | Because of the storm everything is destroyed |
local | Die Flasche steht auf dem Tisch. | The bottle is on the table. |
Let's have a look at the following example:
subject | Maria wirft den Apfel | Maria throws the apple. | subject is always in the nominative case, it is the initial point of an action |
---|---|---|---|
predicate | Maria wirft den Apfel. | Maria throws the apple. | central action of a sentence, at least one finite form of verb |
object | Maria wirft den Apfel. | Maris throws the apple. | accusativeobject (Wen/was?) |
object | Der Apfel gehört ihr. | The apple is hers. | dativeobject (Wem?) |
object | Der Apfel ist ihrer. | The apple is hers. | genitiveobject (Wessen?) |
object | Sie denkt an ihn. | She thinks of him. | prepositional object |
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What about Fiorina ..... person available, prepared and always sunny ... for those who want to learn German I recommend studying with her.
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Hi, I'm Irish, have been living Milan for 30 years. I have a strong business background in sales and marketing. I have lived in USA, UK and done business in Far East. I teach private students and in global corporates and universities. If you're looking to improve your English quickly I have developed my interactive communication method. A great lesson is based on understanding your needs, planning, content, your involvement, feedback, correction, repetition. My experience in theatre helps me to organise, conduct role plays, followed by constructive feedback. I prepare students for EU exams. Qualities; ability to listen, empathy, patience, motivating, energetic, open to feedback, positive outlook, value sharing, abilty to focus on long and short term objectives, relationship building. Look forward to 'partnering' with you.
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Emer is a very professional and experienced teacher. She is very motivated and really cares about her students' success. Highly recommended!!
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Hello =)
My name is Karolin and since the beginning of 2017, while I was still living in Chile, I've been giving online classes. I really enjoy my work and it gives me the privilage to get to know people from all around the world, which is amazing.
Both in English and in German, I teach classes for beginners and advanced students. I speak Spanish fluently, but as I lived in Chile for around 5 years, both my pronounciation and my choice of words are influenced by that. I learned and teach the european Spanish but only for beginners (A1/A2). But if you don't mind the chilenean influence, I do teach to a higher level as well.
If you'd like to get to know me and my teaching methods, just contact me and we will do a free trial lesson (please do NOT by a lesson before the trial lesson, not every teacher is good for every student).
See you soon!
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It is the exchange that is important, we move forward together.
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- ABOUT THE CLASS -
I offer German language lessons for A1, A2, B1, B2 level and they include everything you need: grammar, speaking, listening audio, reading, writing and for some fun: games and role plays :)
This is ideal for students who want actively participate and speak more, learn new words and exercise the grammar.
All learning materials and exercises are included and will be provided during the lesson.
The learning material is from various books: Schritte International, Menschen, Sicher im Alltag und Beruf, Begegnungen, ....
If you wish to have only conversational lessons, I can arrange this also for you (only available for B1 and B2 level).
* IMPORTANT: coLanguage shows only my general availability, if you want to book a lesson, please sent me a message with your availability and language level, and I will contact you as soon as possible with more informations :)
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I can not wait to start!
greetings Veronika
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I try to make lessons various and use different kinds of teaching methods, exercises and technologies. My lessons include:
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Hallo :) I'm a German language teacher with a Bachelor and Master degree in German and with many years of teaching experience.
I was born and lived in Switzerland for many years and grew up in a bilingual family, because of that I speak German, Swiss German, Croatian and English :)
- ABOUT THE CLASS -
I offer German language lessons for A1, A2, B1, B2 level and they include everything you need: grammar, speaking, listening audio, reading, writing and for some fun: games and role plays :)
This is ideal for students who want actively participate and speak more, learn new words and exercise the grammar.
All learning materials and exercises are included and will be provided during the lesson.
The learning material is from various books: Schritte International, Menschen, Sicher im Alltag und Beruf, Begegnungen, ....
If you wish to have only conversational lessons, I can arrange this also for you (only available for B1 and B2 level).
* IMPORTANT: coLanguage shows only my general availability, if you want to book a lesson, please sent me a message with your availability and language level, and I will contact you as soon as possible with more informations :)
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Book a free trial lesson and form your own opinion.
Whatever your goals are, conversation training, writing letters or emails, etc., together we will create a goal-oriented, individual plan to achieve these goals as stress-free as possible.
I would be happy to work with you.
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Hello German learner! I am a dedicated teacher for DaF (German as a foreign language) studying and working in Germany. I have already gained teaching experience with different age groups and nationalities while teaching German in various language schools.
Currently, I'm doing my second studies in German, English, and Teaching at the University of Bonn. (I already got my Master's Degree in German and Literature). Besides, I teach in a local language school as well as tutor students online on Colanguage.
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PS. IMPORTANT! Currently, I only work with adults aged 18 and over - so NO courses for children, sorry.
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Anush is a great teacher! Her advices and corrections are to the point and very helpful. My demands were high enough and sie could provide the necessary solutions and the necessary help , that I needed.
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Hello =)
My name is Karolin and since the beginning of 2017, while I was still living in Chile, I've been giving online classes. I really enjoy my work and it gives me the privilage to get to know people from all around the world, which is amazing.
Both in English and in German, I teach classes for beginners and advanced students. I speak Spanish fluently, but as I lived in Chile for around 5 years, both my pronounciation and my choice of words are influenced by that. I learned and teach the european Spanish but only for beginners (A1/A2). But if you don't mind the chilenean influence, I do teach to a higher level as well.
If you'd like to get to know me and my teaching methods, just contact me and we will do a free trial lesson (please do NOT by a lesson before the trial lesson, not every teacher is good for every student).
See you soon!
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Karolin has been an awesome teacher. She has been very flexible with our scheduling, while the lessons have been a great combination of being structured and fun. I would highly recommend Karolin to anyone looking to learn a new language or improve their language ability. Thanks again Karolin.
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We had (my wife and I) our first lesson with Miriam and were very happy of her communication style. Too early to judge (will write a further review), but we decided to start the course and bought 12 lessons. More to come....
Miriam C.Thank you very much for the kind words and especially for your trust. I am really looking forward to this collaboration. Best wishes, Miriam
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