German personal pronouns
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Personal pronouns in German are replacements for already mentioned nouns. Personal pronouns are also used to address other people or to talk about ourselves.
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Personal Pronoun | English Translation | Examples | Function | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | I |
| to talk about the own person |
2nd person singular | du | you |
| to address one person |
3rd person singular | er / sie / es | he / she /it |
| to replace an already known noun ('das Auto') |
1st person plural | wir | we |
| to talk about several people including the own person |
2nd person plural | ihr | you |
| to address several people |
3rd person plural | sie | they |
| to replace an already known noun ('die Großelern') |
Personal pronouns have to be declined in:
Nominative | Dative | Accusative | Genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mir | mich | meiner |
2nd person singular | du | dir | dich | deiner |
3rd person singular | er / sie / es | ihm / ihr / ihm | ihn / sie / es | seiner / ihrere / seiner |
1rst person plural | wir | uns | uns | unser |
2nd person plural | ihr | euch | euch | euer |
3rd person plural | sie | ihnen | sie | ihrer |
The nominative case is always used as subject of the sentence.
Examples:
The dative is the indirect object of the sentence.
Examples:
When do we use the dative case?
There are some linked verbs and prepositions which request the dative case:
Examples | English Translation | |
---|---|---|
Verbs | gefallen kaufen vertrauen gehören antworten helfen ... | to like to buy to trust to belong to answer to help ... |
Prepositions | bei dank seit aus nach von zu mit ... | at thanks to since out to/after from to with ... |
The accusative is used as direct object of the sentence.
Examples:
When do we use the accusative case?
There are some linked verbs and prepositions which request the accusative case:
Examples | English Translation | |
---|---|---|
Verbs | sehen fragen essen trinken verstehen kaufen ... | to see to ask to eat to drink to understand to buy ... |
Prepositions | um durch für gegen ohne ... | around through for against without ... |
Genitive forms of personal pronouns in German exist but are very rarely used.
Examples:
If you require more information about which case to use, check out the German cases.
The personal pronoun used as polite form is the word 'Sie'.
'Sie' is...
'Sie' is used to address older people, strangers or people of higher hierarchical rank e.g. in student-teacher or employee-employer relations.
Normally 'Sie' is used for people you would call by their surname while 'du' is used for people you would call by their first name.
It is not likely to use the polite form to address friends, family members or kids.
Case | Personal Pronoun (singular and plural) | Example |
---|---|---|
Nominative | Sie |
|
Dative | Ihnen |
|
Accusative | Sie |
|
Genitive | Ihrer |
|
The pronoun 'es' can also be used as en indefinite pronoun for impersonal formulations.
Examples:
The indefinite pronoun 'man' is refering to one or more unspecified people. like 'es' it is a third-person singular pronoun and exclusively used in the nominative form.
Examples:
Remember: The indefinite pronouns are third-person singular pronouns and therefore the connected verb does always stand in third-person singular form as well!
Don't forget to check your results.
Possible personal pronouns: Ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie/ Sie. Pay attention to the capitalization.
Good luck !
1.) bin im Urlaub.
(I'm in vacation)
2.) Wo gehst hin?
(Where are you going?)
3.) ist schon im Bett.
(He is already in bed)
4.) ist im Garten.
(She is in the garden)
5.) ist noch nicht da.
(It is not here yet)
6.) gehen ins Kino.
(We go to the cinema)
7.) Kommt zu mir nach Hause?
Are you guys coming home to me?)
8.) Woher kommen ?
(Where do they come from?)
9.) Sind schon da?
(Are we there yet?)
10.) gehen gemeinsam ins Theater.
(They go together to the theatre)
Fill in the missing personal pronouns (nominative, dative, accusative)
1. (Ich) esse gern Chips.
(I like to eat chips.)
2. (Er) versteht die Aufgabe doch, oder?
(He understands the task, right?)
3. Vielleicht kann (sie, sing.) Mara am Flughafen abholen.
(Maybe Mara can pick her up from the airport.)
4. Die Frau hat (du) etwas gefragt.
(The woman asked you something.)
5. Meine Mama hat (ich) geholfen.
(My mom helped me.)
6. Wo hat Maria (er) kennengelernt?
(Where did Maria meet him?)
7. Was haben (Sie) heute gemacht?
(What did you (polite) do today?)
8. Kann ich mit (ihr) zum Flughafen fahren?
(Can I go to the airport with you?)
9. Wie kann ich (ihr) helfen?
(How can I help you?)
10. Hat (du) das Buch gefallen?
(Did you like the book?)
Don't forget to check your results.
Possible personal pronouns: Ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie/ Sie. Pay attention to the capitalization.
Good luck !
1.) bin im Urlaub.
(I'm in vacation)
2.) Wo gehst hin?
(Where are you going?)
3.) ist schon im Bett.
(He is already in bed)
4.) ist im Garten.
(She is in the garden)
5.) ist noch nicht da.
(It is not here yet)
6.) gehen ins Kino.
(We go to the cinema)
7.) Kommt zu mir nach Hause?
Are you guys coming home to me?)
8.) Woher kommen ?
(Where do they come from?)
9.) Sind schon da?
(Are we there yet?)
10.) gehen gemeinsam ins Theater.
(They go together to the theatre)
Fill in the missing personal pronouns (nominative, dative, accusative)
1. (Ich) esse gern Chips.
(I like to eat chips.)
2. (Er) versteht die Aufgabe doch, oder?
(He understands the task, right?)
3. Vielleicht kann (sie, sing.) Mara am Flughafen abholen.
(Maybe Mara can pick her up from the airport.)
4. Die Frau hat (du) etwas gefragt.
(The woman asked you something.)
5. Meine Mama hat (ich) geholfen.
(My mom helped me.)
6. Wo hat Maria (er) kennengelernt?
(Where did Maria meet him?)
7. Was haben (Sie) heute gemacht?
(What did you (polite) do today?)
8. Kann ich mit (ihr) zum Flughafen fahren?
(Can I go to the airport with you?)
9. Wie kann ich (ihr) helfen?
(How can I help you?)
10. Hat (du) das Buch gefallen?
(Did you like the book?)
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Hello,
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For myself I learned Italian three years ago with this method so I also know what it is like to learn a language and I can help you with my teaching to learn German that way.
I can not wait to start!
greetings Veronika
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Hello,
my name is Veronika and I am a student in Florence at the academy of fine arts. I have been in Italy for three years and I really like the Italian language. In school i learned english and during journeys i used to speak a lot of english so i'm also able to teach in english.
I am from Germany so I am a German native speaker. I have already taught German to some of my friends and would love to teach my language to more people as well. At the beginning I would like to do grammar lessons and the most used words to deepen the basic knowledge of the language. Then I will continue to have conversations in German to increase vocabulary and to give confidence in dialogue and in any case in speaking the language in real scenarios. The most important thing by learning a new language is to learn it through hearing and speaking. Being difficult at first to formulate sentences will then become easier and easier and thus you arrive at a fluent and confident way to speak the new language.
For myself I learned Italian three years ago with this method so I also know what it is like to learn a language and I can help you with my teaching to learn German that way.
I can not wait to start!
greetings Veronika
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Veronika is a really nice teacher. She is well prepared ahead of the class, she brings the teaching material in a intelligent and helpful manner for each session. She is assertive and can help you understand complex topics in a supportive way. We discussed initially about my goals and have been working systematically towards successfully taking the TELC B1 certificate. I really recommend her to anyone!
Veronika N.
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Thank you, Josè !! Congratulations on passing the exam!
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Thanks to many years of experience, I offer you professional language instruction via Skype.
I am a native speaker (bilingual German and English) and have been working with Skype for over 9 years. The courses are optimally tailored to your language level and job description. Arrange a trial lesson.
Proficient handling of everyday German, leading to various certificates (Goethe Certificates, DaF etc.), specific courses for the professional field (hotel, tourism, law, medicine - FACHSPRACHENPRÜFUNG MEDIZIN, technology, business.....).
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Belinda is an excellent teacher. The learning materials are great and I'm learning lots speaking to a native German speaker. 100% would recommend!
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Hi, everyone! I'm Marissa. I'm a native speaker of English from the United States. I'm currently living in Istanbul, Turkey and I can speak Turkish. I can also understand basic Spanish. I received my teaching certification in 2011 and I've been teaching ever since. I have experience working with students from all over the world, in language schools, kindergarten, exam preparation centers, and online, not only as a teacher but also as an education coordinator.
I offer my students a very structured program to help them improve their overall English level. In our trial lesson, I will evaluate your level and we will discuss your goals. I will then provide you with a coursebook and supplementary materials suitable for your level and needs. We will use these both together in class and outside of class for homework. We will cover all necessary skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation) but we will give special attention to whatever your weaknesses may be.
Alternatively, if you are not looking for such an intensive program, I also offer guided conversation practice. I am flexible! Just write me and we can start working on a plan for you. I'm looking forward to meeting you soon. :)
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Marissa is a very friendly teacher. She adapts her lessons to her students and helps them reach their goals.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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I am a German native speaker who loves languages and am passionate about teaching others. I work as language teacher in a school, teach adults at the German Culture Center and prepare my students for all types of official language exams. I love my job and always seek to make it as much fun as possible.
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Melanie gave me a three week German crash course in preparation for a A2+/B1 exam. She is well organised, patient, very knowledgeable and pedagogic. In addition to clear explanations, she has a wide variety of resources at her disposal to explain different grammar rules and concepts. I highly recommend using her services.
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