German cases
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In German nominal groups (articles, adjectives or nouns) are declined corresponding to their case. That means they have different endings according to their function in the sentence. In German there are 4 declension cases.
To identify the case of a noun, there are certain questions to ask for a specific case.
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This table shows you the declension of different nouns split up into the cases, the gender and number.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | der / ein Mann | die / eine Frau | das / ein Kind | die Leute |
Accusative | den / einen Mann | die / eine Frau | das / ein Kind | die Leute |
Dative | dem / einem Mann | der / einer Frau | dem / einem Kind | den Leuten |
Genitive | des / eines Mannes | der / einer Frau | des / eines Kindes | der Leute |
Translation
Remember: there is no indefinite article in plural in German.
This table shows you the personal pronouns changing in the different cases.
Nominative | Dative | Accusative | |
---|---|---|---|
First person singular | ich - I | mir - me | mich - me |
Second person singular | du - you (informal) | dir - you | dich - you |
Third person singular | er/sie/es - he/she/it | ihm/ihr/ihm - him/her/it | ihn/sie/es - him/her/it |
First person plural | wir - we | uns - us | uns - us |
Second person plural | ihr - you | euch - you | euch - you |
Third person plural | sie/Sie - they/ you (formal) | ihnen / Ihnen - them | sie/Sie - them |
The nominative is always the subject of a sentence. It answers the questions
Wer oder was? - Who or what?
In this table you can find several examples for the declension of noun and their articles in the different genders. In addition, there are some examples of adjectives that accompany a noun in the nominative case.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With a definite article | der Vater | die Mutter | das Kind | die Leute |
With an indefinite article | ein Vater | eine Mutter | ein Kind | Leute |
With a definite article + adjective | der gute Vater | die schöne Mutter | das lustige Kind | die vielen Leute |
With an indefinite article + adjective | ein guter Vater | eine schöne Mutter | ein lustiges Kind | viele Leute |
Translation:
Remember: there is no indefinite article in German plural.
1. As the subject of the verb
Examples:
2. As a predicate nominative
A predicative nominative is a noun that is equated with the subject of the sentence or clause. It follows a linking verb and refers back to it.
Here are some linking verbs:
Examples:
3. As a noun of a direct address
You have to use the nominative case in phrases where you use the imperative or you directly address someone.
Examples:
Usually the nominative, being the subject, occupies the first place in a sentence and the it is followed by the verb. However, it often happens that the sentence starts with an adverb or another element. In this case, since the verb always occupies the second place, the nominative (subject) comes after the verb (in third place).
Examples:
The genitive is a complement of a noun, that means it completes the noun to which it refers to. It answers the question
Wessen? - whose / of what?
In this table you can find several examples for the declension of noun and their articles in the different genders. In addition, there are some examples of adjectives that accompany a noun in the genitive case.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With a definite article | des Mannes | der Frau | des Kindes | der Leute |
With an indefinite article | eines Mannes | einer Frau | eines Kindes | Leute |
With a definite article + adjective | des guten Mannes | der schönen Frau | des lustigen Kindes | der vielen Leute |
With an indefinite article + adjective | eines guten Mannes | einer schönen Frau | eines lustigen Kindes | vieler Leute |
1. To show possession of relationships between two nouns
The genitive is used to express possession or a relationship between people and/or objects. In English it is translated with the preposition of or
Examples:
2. With expressions of indefinite time
The genitive can also be used as an adverb to give indications about an indefinite duration or period. In English it is expressed by for instance: one day, some day.
Examples:
The female noun die Nacht behaves in this case as a masculine or a neutral noun.
3. With prepositions
The genitive case used with certain prepositions. You can find them in this list.
Examples:
4. With genitive verbs
There are some verbs that are in need of the genitive in German. These shows you some of them with an example. In German it sounds more formal, so that it is not used often.
Examples:
5. With genitive adjectives
There are some adjectives that are followed by the genitive case.
Examples:
Ich bin mir der Antwort nicht sicher. - I am not sure about the answer.
Er ist sich seines Fehlers bewusst. - He is aware of his fault.
Sie ist dieses Namens würdig. - She is worthy of this name.
The genitive of proper names can also be formed with ending a -s (possessive genitive). Therefore you have to put the name in front of the noun (the possession) and add the suffix -s. In English it is nearly the same, but with an apostrophe.
Examples.
The genitive of proper nouns can be formed using the von preposition before the proper noun.
Be careful: the genitive cases changes into a dative cases then!
Examples:
The dative is an indirect object in the sentence and forms the answer to the question
Wem? - whom?
In this table you can find several examples for the declension of noun and their articles in the different genders. In addition, there are some examples of adjectives that accompany a noun in the dative case.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With a definite article | dem Mann | der Frau | dem Kind | den Leuten |
With an indefinite article | einem Mann | einer Frau | einem Kind | Leuten |
With a definite article + adjective | dem guten Mann | der schönen Frau | dem lustigen Kind | den vielen Leuten |
With an indefinite article + adjective | einem guten Mann | einer schönen Frau | einem lustigen Kind | vielen Leuten |
1. As the indirect object of the verb
In English the indirect object (dative) is often expressed by the preposition to and for. In addition, there are some verbs in German, that use the dative case as an indirect object of the verb and the accusative case as the direct object of the verb.
This list shows verbs that are frequently used with direct and indirect objects.
Examples (the dative is highlighted):
2. With dative verbs
There are some German verbs that only take the dative object. They are listed here:
Examples:
3. With prepositions
This table list shows preposition that usually use the dative case.
Examples:
4. With verbs of location and contracted prepositions
There are contracted prepositions (prepositions + article) that are used in the dative case and additionally expresses a position, location or a motion within a fixed location. These prepositions can answer the question wo? - in what place?/where?
Be careful: Verbs of movement + contracted prepositions always require the accusative case.
Here is a list of verbs that express position, location or a motion within a fixed location.
Examples for preposition + dative:
The accusative is used as the direct object in the sentence and forms the answer to the questions
Wen oder was? - who or what?
In this table you can find several examples for the declension of noun and their articles in the different genders. In addition, there are some examples of adjectives that accompany a noun in the accusative case.
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
With a definite article | den Mann | die Frau | das Kind | die Leute |
With an indefinite article | einen Mann | eine Frau | ein Kind | Leute |
With a definite article + adjective | den guten Mann | die schöne Frau | das lustige Kind | die vielen Leute |
With an indefinite article + adjective | einen guten Mann | eine schöne Frau | ein lustiges Kind | viele Leute |
1. As the direct Object of the verb
All transitive verbs support the direct object and for this reason are followed by the accusative.
Examples:
2. With expressions of definite time and duration of time
Nominal groups that express the frequency of an activity or a time are always in the accusative case.
3. With prepositions
There are some prepositions that always followed by the accusative case.
Examples:
4. With verbs of movement and contracted prepositions
There are verbs that, depending on the action (whether it is static or a movement), govern the dative or the accusative case. The dative case is used when it comes to static verbs and the accusative case is used with movement.
Here are some verbs of movement
Prepositions that can be contracted:
Example of prepositions (some of them are contracted) and verbs of movement:
5. With sentence in passive
In passive phrases the object complement becomes subject and the subject becomes object complement.
The accusative is used in passive forms only when it is introduced by durch.
Examples:
Active | Passive |
---|---|
Die Operation hat den Patienten gerettet. - The operation rescued the patient. | Der Patient wurde durch die Operation gerettet. - The patient was rescued by the operation. |
Seine Schwester isst einen Apfel. - His sister eats an apple. | Der Apfel wird von seiner Schwester gegessen. - The apple is eaten by his sister. |
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My name is Karolin and since the beginning of 2017, while I was still living in Chile, I've been giving online classes. I really enjoy my work and it gives me the privilage to get to know people from all around the world, which is amazing.
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Hello !
I am a teacher of French as a Foreign Language (FLE), with a Master's degree in Training Engineering, specialising in FLE, Professional French and International Cooperation. Your needs are individual: we evaluate them together and I propose you an adapted learning based on my experience as a student as well as in a professional situation. No traditional pedagogy, we will use IT tools (TICE) to live a playful experience, inscribed in the action pedagogy, communicative method. I will accompany you whatever your level, including in the preparation for the exams for which I am qualified (France Education International, ex CIEP, DELF/DALF).
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I am a tutor in French as a foreign language. I specialize in conversation and communication from B1 level upwards, but I also have A2 students with whom I follow a more traditional method.
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I am Belgian and my mother tongue is French. I have always loved literature, culture, and languages. I studied in Flanders for 10 years, lived in France and Switzerland for 4 years, and I currently live in Valencia, Spain.
I followed the DAEFLE training (teaching French as a foreign language) in 2017.
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Hello,
my name is Veronika and I am a student in Florence at the academy of fine arts. I have been in Italy for three years and I really like the Italian language. In school i learned english and during journeys i used to speak a lot of english so i'm also able to teach in english.
I am from Germany so I am a German native speaker. I have already taught German to some of my friends and would love to teach my language to more people as well. At the beginning I would like to do grammar lessons and the most used words to deepen the basic knowledge of the language. Then I will continue to have conversations in German to increase vocabulary and to give confidence in dialogue and in any case in speaking the language in real scenarios. The most important thing by learning a new language is to learn it through hearing and speaking. Being difficult at first to formulate sentences will then become easier and easier and thus you arrive at a fluent and confident way to speak the new language.
For myself I learned Italian three years ago with this method so I also know what it is like to learn a language and I can help you with my teaching to learn German that way.
I can not wait to start!
greetings Veronika
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Veronika is a really nice teacher. She is well prepared ahead of the class, she brings the teaching material in a intelligent and helpful manner for each session. She is assertive and can help you understand complex topics in a supportive way. We discussed initially about my goals and have been working systematically towards successfully taking the TELC B1 certificate. I really recommend her to anyone!
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My name is Christina and I provide German & French language lesson for children and adult beginners or intermediate who want to strengthen their language skills, improve the grammar knowledge, enrich the vocabulary and get into the German culture! I can teach in English or French!
I had experince in teaching German, English and French to foreign people so I do have a lot of useful learning material I can provide you to make it easier!
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Teacher also pleasant to professionals who knows how to suggest themes adapted to the interests of the child during lessons! I can only recommend Christina ...
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My name is Christina and I provide German & French language lesson for children and adult beginners or intermediate who want to strengthen their language skills, improve the grammar knowledge, enrich the vocabulary and get into the German culture! I can teach in English or French!
I had experince in teaching German, English and French to foreign people so I do have a lot of useful learning material I can provide you to make it easier!
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Fantastic opportunity to improve your German with a Native speaker. Christina is really helpful, very friendly and I would fully recommend to anyone!
Christina F.Thanks a lot Padraig ..... good luck Thank you very much Padraig and good luck
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Hello everyone and a big warm welcome to all the fellow language learners,
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Katerina is a very flexible teacher makes the effort of adapting the contents of the lessons to my needs
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Maria is a very experienced teacher. She really loves teaching and transmit this passion to her students. Excellent teacher.
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Hello =)
My name is Karolin and since the beginning of 2017, while I was still living in Chile, I've been giving online classes. I really enjoy my work and it gives me the privilage to get to know people from all around the world, which is amazing.
Both in English and in German, I teach classes for beginners and advanced students. I speak Spanish fluently, but as I lived in Chile for around 5 years, both my pronounciation and my choice of words are influenced by that. I learned and teach the european Spanish but only for beginners (A1/A2). But if you don't mind the chilenean influence, I do teach to a higher level as well.
If you'd like to get to know me and my teaching methods, just contact me and we will do a free trial lesson (please do NOT by a lesson before the trial lesson, not every teacher is good for every student).
See you soon!
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Karolin has been an awesome teacher. She has been very flexible with our scheduling, while the lessons have been a great combination of being structured and fun. I would highly recommend Karolin to anyone looking to learn a new language or improve their language ability. Thanks again Karolin.
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I'm a Italian/German bilingual teacher form Florence!
I offer lessons for beginners as well as for advanced speakers. I carry out different kinds of lessons: I could help you for example to prepare for a test, for your trip to Italy or for more advanced needs.
The lessons are focused on improving listening/comprehension skills as well as reading, writing, speaking and grammar.
If you want to know more about my methods, just book a trial lesson! It's free! I hope to see you soon!
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The lesson was perfectly geared to my needs. As my requirement for learning does not fit easily in any 'set course' or classroom situation, this individual approach, looking at what I need and then providing it, suits me very well indeed. I am very happy with the way in which the teaching / learning experience is going so far and would certainly recommend Niccoló.
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Hello!
My name's Eleonora. I am from Ukraine. I am a qualified teacher and a Russian native speaker.
In 2007 I graduated from pedagogical university and since that time I work as a teacher. I love my job and always ready to share my knowledge with everyone.
If you want to improve your Russian, English or German or start learning them you will definitely like my lessons. My classes are developed for each student according to their level, interests and needs.
I try to make lessons various and use different kinds of teaching methods, exercises and technologies. My lessons include:
vocabulary enlargement and usage;wide grammar practicereading activities (from texbooks, at higher levels original texts);practicing oral speech.My schedule is quite flexible so contact me and we'll arrange the time for lessons.
See you!
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Eleonora is very friendly and methodological teacher, perfectly adapting to students needs. I have enjoyed my every class learning.
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Hello,
my name is Veronika and I am a student in Florence at the academy of fine arts. I have been in Italy for three years and I really like the Italian language. In school i learned english and during journeys i used to speak a lot of english so i'm also able to teach in english.
I am from Germany so I am a German native speaker. I have already taught German to some of my friends and would love to teach my language to more people as well. At the beginning I would like to do grammar lessons and the most used words to deepen the basic knowledge of the language. Then I will continue to have conversations in German to increase vocabulary and to give confidence in dialogue and in any case in speaking the language in real scenarios. The most important thing by learning a new language is to learn it through hearing and speaking. Being difficult at first to formulate sentences will then become easier and easier and thus you arrive at a fluent and confident way to speak the new language.
For myself I learned Italian three years ago with this method so I also know what it is like to learn a language and I can help you with my teaching to learn German that way.
I can not wait to start!
greetings Veronika
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My experience with Veronika as a teacher was and still is really good. In order to reach my goals, she has setup a structured schedule and has provided good learning material. Due to my work, I had to reschedule some of my lessons and she always showed understanding in this regards. She is very friendly and easy to talk to. I can only recommend her!
Veronika N.Thank you very much!!!
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Hi, I am Christin!
After training as a pastry chef and studying business administration, I traveled a lot and discovered my interest in languages. To find out more about teaching languages, I decided on further training at the Goethe Institute and completed it. During the Goethe Institute "Learn to teach German" course I was able to give individual language lessons and actively support the examination preparation for the Goethe certificate.
My lessons are needs-oriented. That means that learning goals are discussed with you and based on your level of knowledge. Whether grammar, sentence structure, pronunciation, expression or the practice of communication situations: German as a foreign and second language classes are flexible and take place in a group or one-to-one lessons with individual support and are based on your wishes and requirements. The teaching of content and topics takes place according to the respective language level. Building vocabulary, grammar and means of speaking are structured and conveyed logically building on each other. Let's get to know each other in a free trial class. I am looking forward to meeting you!
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Hello, Wie gehts? Ich heiße Anna! What can I say? Learning German language isn´t easy but I´m happy to say that I´ve chosen the right teacher for me. She is very nice and patient. She happily answered all my questions and explain things in a way you can understand easily. She gives you different homeworks in which sometimes I can´t submit on time because I´m currently undergoing surgery and therapy but she is so understanding about it. Now, I somewhat understand some German writings I´ve read without translating it, and i´m just so happy that I am making progress. Thanks Christin!
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1 Nominative case (1. Fall) in German | Learn about the German nominative |
2 Genitive case (2. Fall) in German | Learn about the German genitive on this page. |
3 Dative case (3. Fall) in German | This page is about the usage and the building of the dative case |
4 Accusative case (4. Fall) in German | Learn about the accusative case in the German language. |