Plural in Turkish
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The plural of a noun in Turkish is formed by adding the '-ler' or '-lar' suffxes to the noun. The ending changes according to the vowel harmony rules.
Lesson outline
Hide- 1.Forming plurals
- 2.The indefinite article "bir"
- 3.Exceptions
- 3.1.Numbers as complement
- 3.1.1.Examples
- 3.2.Adjectives
- 3.3.Irregular plurals
- 4.Exercises
- 4.1.Fill in the blank exercise about the plural form
- 4.2.Multiple choice exercise on the plural in Turkish
- 4.3.Fill in the blanks exercise about the irregular plurals
Forming plurals
When the last vowel of the noun is one of the following vowels ( -a ,- ı, -o, -u ), the '-lar' suffix is used and when the last vowel of the noun is one of the vowels (-e,- i, -ö, -ü ) the '-ler' suffix is used.
| Use (-ler, -lar) | the last vowel |
|---|---|
| '-lar' | -a, -ı, -o, -u |
| '-ler' | -e, -i, -ö, -ü |
- Ağaçlar güzel görünüyor. (The trees are looking beautiful.)
- Meyveler çok lezzetli. (The fruits are delicious.)
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The indefinite article "bir"
The indefinite article 'bir' has no plural form.
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| bir ev (a house) | evler (the houses) |
| bir elma (an apple) | elmalar (the apples) |
Exceptions
1. Numbers as complement
When a number is placed to count an amount of things, the plural suffix is not used.
Examples
- iki kedi -> two cat(s)
- yirmi ekmek-> twenty bread(s)
- on beş gün -> fifteen day(s)
2. Adjectives
When any of the following adjectives are used as complements before the nouns, the noun doesn't receive the plural suffix.
| Adjectives | Examples |
|---|---|
| çok (a lot of, many) | Çok değişiklik yaptık. (We made a lot of changes.) |
| çok fazla (too many) | Çok fazla kağıt var. (There are too many papers.) |
| az (not many) | Az öğretmen katıldı. (Not many teachers join.) |
| kaç (how many) | Kaç kitabın var? (How many books do you have?) |
| bir miktar (some) | Bir miktar elmam var. (I have some apples.) |
3. Irregular plurals
Exception: There are some words which do not follow the vowel harmony rules:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| kalp (heart) | kalpler (hearts) |
| saat (hour/clock) | saatler (hours/clocks) |
| harf (letter) | harfler (letters) |
| rol (role) | roller (roles) |
| alkol (alcohol) | alkoller (alcohols) |
| protokol (protocol) | protokoller (protocols) |
| kontrol (control) | kontroller (controls) |
| kabul (accept) | kabuller (acceptances) |
Exercises
- Fill in the blank exercise about the plural form
- Multiple choice exercise on the plural in Turkish
- Fill in the blanks exercise about the irregular plurals
Fill in the blank exercise about the plural form
Multiple choice exercise on the plural in Turkish
Fill in the blanks exercise about the irregular plurals
Exercises
- Fill in the blank exercise about the plural form
- Multiple choice exercise on the plural in Turkish
- Fill in the blanks exercise about the irregular plurals
Fill in the blank exercise about the plural form
Multiple choice exercise on the plural in Turkish
Fill in the blanks exercise about the irregular plurals
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All in all, as a teacher we have lots of things to do. One of our most important responsibilities’ is to help students to understand that they have enough power and capacity to learn a language if they are determined enough....
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Hi, my name is Ayşegül. I graduated from Hacettepe University in the department of English Language Teaching. I'm an English teacher in a private institution now. I can teach both English and Turkish.
First and foremost, I want to start with one of my favourite quotation from Richard Henry Dana(!) (I'm not sure whether this quotation belongs to him or not, but I liked it. :) “He who dares to teach must never cease to learn.” First of all, we as teachers must improve ourselves about everything such as cultural knowledge, technology, best seller books new novels etc. We should keep up with the times and try to understand our students.
Then we should know students’ interests, needs, backgrounds and their level of English / Turkish. If we know the aforementioned things, it would be easier for us to decide what kind of materials we can use to attract their attention. Also, one of the key points is that we should motivate the students to learn. As teachers we should teach our students why they learn language/grammar/vocabulary etc. rather than just memorization. Regarding teaching methods we can use student-centered methods. We should use examples from real life so they can broaden students’ knowledge. Also using examples from real life, help students to internalize the examples. I strongly believe that we should make our students acquire the language from all aspects including reading, listening, writing, and speaking.
All in all, as a teacher we have lots of things to do. One of our most important responsibilities’ is to help students to understand that they have enough power and capacity to learn a language if they are determined enough....
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I have experience in teaching Turkish in years. Furthermore, I speak English very well (TOEFL B2) and French (B1) it is advantage for students who are beginners.
Here my methodology when I teach Turkish:
I will use the grammar books and my presentations, time to time.
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Hello,
I was born in İstanbul and I lived there. I hold a bachelor degree in cinema and television at İstanbul Şehir University. During my university years, my stories have been published in major Turkish literary magazines. After my graduation I have been specializing in children's book illustration and literature. I founded children's book publishing house in Turkey. The name is Yıldız Tozu Publishing and my books were released. I worked as an editor-in-chief in the company. I was finding books in the world and I was publishing them in Turkish. I am practically and professionally working on Turkish language and literature. Later on, I moved France to continue my education and works about literature and art. Currently, I am learning french.
I have experience in teaching Turkish in years. Furthermore, I speak English very well (TOEFL B2) and French (B1) it is advantage for students who are beginners.
Here my methodology when I teach Turkish:
I will use the grammar books and my presentations, time to time.
For speaking practice: illustrations, daily conversations
For listening practice: Turkish songs, movies, series
For reading practice: news and articles about Turkey (for advance students), stories, picture books (for intermediate students), texts from language books (for beginner and intermediate students.)
If students need to focus specific area like writing etc. I am designing my class according to that.
In addition, it is because I am using broad material about Turkish media, you will be familiar the culture and sociology of Turkey.
I like to do lesson in creative and in an organized way; therefore, I believe you will learn fast and you will enjoy learning Turkish with me!
I hope to see you in my class :)
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