Past tense in Turkish (geçmiş zaman)
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The past tense shows completed events in the past. The past tense is called 'geçmiş zaman' in Turkish. There are two suffixes that are used in the past tense in Turkish:
- '-di' (definite past tense)
- '-miş' (indefinite past tense).
The difference between those suffixes is depending on whether the speaker witnessed the event or not.
Lesson outline
Hide- 1.Definite past tense (-di'li geçmiş zaman)
- 1.1.How to form the definite past tense
- 1.1.1.Positive form
- 1.1.2.Negative form
- 1.1.3.Question form
- 2.Indefinite past tense
- 2.1.How to form the indefinite past tense
- 2.1.1.Positive form
- 2.1.2.Negative form
- 2.1.3.Question form
- 3.Exercises
- 3.1.Multiple choice exercise on the definite past tense
- 3.2.Multiple choice exercise on the indefinite past tense
- 3.3.Fill in the blanks exercise about the definite past tense
- 3.4.Fill in the blanks exercise about the indefinite past tense
Definite past tense (-di'li geçmiş zaman)
The definite past tense is used when you have personal knowledge or directly experienced something. This tense shows events that are witnessed by the speaker. The suffix '-di' is used and can be formed as ''-dı -du, -dü, -ti, -tı -tu, -tü'' according to the vowel harmony rules.
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How to form the definite past tense
The 3 forms of the definite past tense are:
- Positive form
- Negative form
- Question form
Positive form
According to the verb's last vowel, one of the following suffixes "-dı, -di, -du, -dü" are added to the verb root and then the personal suffix is added.
Verb root + -di (dı/du/dü) + personal suffix
| Last vowel of the verb root -> | a/ı | e/i | o/ö | u/ü |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Add this suffix -> | -dı | -di | -du | -dü |
Examples
- Al (buy) -> İki ekmek aldı. (She bought two breads.)
- İzle (watch) -> Biz film izledik. (We watched a movie.)
- Sor (ask) -> Bana soru sordular. (They asked me a question.)
- Gül (smile) -> Sen bana güldün. (You smiled at me.)
If the last letter of the verb root is one of "ç, f, h, k, s, ş, t, p", the letter "d" is replaced with a "t". Then the suffixes become "-tı, -ti, -tu, -tü".
| Seçmek (to choose) | |
|---|---|
| Ben seçtim. | I chose. |
| Sen seçtin. | You chose. |
| O seçti. | He/she/it chose. |
| Biz seçtik. | We chose. |
| Siz seçtiniz. | You chose. |
| Onlar seçtiler. | They chose. |
Negative form
The negative suffix '-madı' or '-medi' is added to the verb root according to the vowel harmony rules and then the personal suffix is added.
Verb root + (-medi/-madı) + personal suffix
| Last vowel of the verb root -> | a, ı, o, u | e, i, ö, ü |
|---|---|---|
| Add this suffix-> | -madı | -medi |
Examples
- Oku (read) -> Biz kitabı okumadık. (We didn't read the book.)
- Konuş (speak) -> Onlar dün konuşmadılar. (They didn't talk yesterday.)
- Git (go) -> Biz işe gitmedik. (We didn't go to work.)
- Öğren (learn) -> Bir şey öğrenmedim. (I didn't learn anything.)
Question form
According to the verb's last vowel, one of the "-mı, -mi, -mu, -mü" are added after the verb and they are always written as a seperate word.
Verb root + -di (dı/du/dü)+ personal suffix + mi (mı/mu/mü)
Examples
- Arkadaşın geldi mi? (Did your friend come?)
- Seni geri aradı mı? (Did she call you back?)
- Kek yapıyor mu? (Did she make a cake?)
- Kuşu gördün mü? (Did you see the bird?)
Indefinite past tense
The indefinite past tense is used for reporting an event that somebody did not witness in person. The suffix '-miş' is used and can be formed as ''-muş, -mış, -müş'' according to the vowel harmony rules.
How to form the indefinite past tense
The 3 forms of the indefinite past tense are:
- Positive form
- Negative form
- Question form
Positive form
According to the verb's last vowel, one of the following suffixes "-mış, -miş, -muş, -müş" is added to the verb root and then the personal suffx is added.
Verb root + -miş (mış/muş/müş) + personal suffix
| Last vowel of the verb root -> | a/ı | e/i | o/u | ö/ü |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Add this suffix -> | -mış | -miş | -muş | -müş |
Examples
- Al (buy) -> İki ekmek almış. (She bought two breads.)
- İzle (watch) -> Siz film izlemişsiniz. (You watched a film.)
- Sor (ask) -> Bana soru sormuşlar. (They asked me a questions.)
- Gül (smile) -> Sen bana gülmüşsün. (You smiled at me.)
Negative form
The negative suffix '-mamış' or '-memiş' is added to the verb root according to the vowel harmony rules and then the personal suffix is added.
Verb root + -memiş/-mamış + personal suffix
| Last vowel of the verb root -> | a, ı, o, u | e, i, ö, ü |
|---|---|---|
| Add this suffix -> | -mamış | -memiş |
Examples
- Oku (read) -> Biz kitabı okumamışız. (We didn't read the book.)
- Konuş (speak) -> Onlar dün konuşmamışlar. (They didn't talk yesterday.)
- Git (go) -> Biz işe gitmemişiz. (We didn't go work.)
- Öğren (learn) -> Bir şey öğrenmemişim. (I didn't learn anything.)
Question form
According to the verb's last vowel, one of the "-mış mı-/ -miş mi/ -muş mu/ -müş mü" is added after the verb.
Verb root + -miş mi (muş mu...) + personal suffix
Examples
- Arkadaşın gelmiş mi? (Did your friend come?)
- Seni geri aramış mı? (Did she call you back?)
- Kek yapmış mı? (Did she make a cake?)
- Kuşu görmüş mü? (Did you see the bird?)
Exercises
- Multiple choice exercise on the definite past tense
- Multiple choice exercise on the indefinite past tense
- Fill in the blanks exercise about the definite past tense
- Fill in the blanks exercise about the indefinite past tense
Multiple choice exercise on the definite past tense
Multiple choice exercise on the indefinite past tense
Fill in the blanks exercise about the definite past tense
Fill in the blanks exercise about the indefinite past tense
Exercises
- Multiple choice exercise on the definite past tense
- Multiple choice exercise on the indefinite past tense
- Fill in the blanks exercise about the definite past tense
- Fill in the blanks exercise about the indefinite past tense
Multiple choice exercise on the definite past tense
Multiple choice exercise on the indefinite past tense
Fill in the blanks exercise about the definite past tense
Fill in the blanks exercise about the indefinite past tense
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Hello,
I was born in İstanbul and I lived there. I hold a bachelor degree in cinema and television at İstanbul Şehir University. During my university years, my stories have been published in major Turkish literary magazines. After my graduation I have been specializing in children's book illustration and literature. I founded children's book publishing house in Turkey. The name is Yıldız Tozu Publishing and my books were released. I worked as an editor-in-chief in the company. I was finding books in the world and I was publishing them in Turkish. I am practically and professionally working on Turkish language and literature. Later on, I moved France to continue my education and works about literature and art. Currently, I am learning french.
I have experience in teaching Turkish in years. Furthermore, I speak English very well (TOEFL B2) and French (B1) it is advantage for students who are beginners.
Here my methodology when I teach Turkish:
I will use the grammar books and my presentations, time to time.
For speaking practice: illustrations, daily conversations
For listening practice: Turkish songs, movies, series
For reading practice: news and articles about Turkey (for advance students), stories, picture books (for intermediate students), texts from language books (for beginner and intermediate students.)
If students need to focus specific area like writing etc. I am designing my class according to that.
In addition, it is because I am using broad material about Turkish media, you will be familiar the culture and sociology of Turkey.
I like to do lesson in creative and in an organized way; therefore, I believe you will learn fast and you will enjoy learning Turkish with me!
I hope to see you in my class :)
F. .
Esra is a talented teacher with an instinctive grasp for the intricacies of the language. She is able to explain the meanings and nuances clearly. The use of different types of teaching materials (images, video, presentations) make the classes fun. Highly recommended for all students of the Turkish language!
Esra O.
Hello all! I am Yunus and i am here to teach you my native language. My education system is on a systematical way and easy to understand. I use course books, workbooks and audio files too. I won't just give grammatical lessons, but also speaking and writing practices too.
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I can recommend Yunus for all who likes innovative and tailored way to learn language. I struggled with my Turkish since few years already. I tried different methods, schools, and private tutors. Finally, with Yunus we managed to break the spell and I’m able now to engage real life conversations. Yunus takes his time to understand and identify students struggle and he adapts lessons to orient them accordingly. It’s always engaging fun to discuss with him various topics that he finds may be interesting for the student. Well organized, intelligent, and very practical in his approach to the language as a skill and art, he is a great teacher and very interesting person. I’m glad I started to work with him.
Yunus E.
Hi, I was born in Turkey and I live in Turkey.
I am an experienced teacher in teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
I graduated from the Turkish Language and Literature Teaching Department. I have master's and doctorate degree on teaching Turkish.
I taught Turkish to Lithuanian, Slovakian, Iraqi, Iranian, Russian, Greek, Arab, Qatari, Nepali and Syrian students face to face or online.
• I am using English and Arabic as tool languages in my lessons.
• I can teach Turkish at beginner, intermediate, advanced or academic level.
• It is important for me to have a live communication with students in my course.
• I create the content of my course according to the expectations of the student.
• In my lessons, I use original teaching materials, short videos, quizzes, short and long texts arranged according to the level of the student.
If you want to learn Turkish in a professional and fun way with me, we can start right away.
M. A.
I am lucky choosing Mr.Eyyup as my teacher.he is willing to teach me and to give his maximum.Very co operative,helpful ,patient,and has broad experience in teaching Turkish language for the foreigners.
Eyyup C.
Hi, my name is Ayşegül. I graduated from Hacettepe University in the department of English Language Teaching. I'm an English teacher in a private institution now. I can teach both English and Turkish.
First and foremost, I want to start with one of my favourite quotation from Richard Henry Dana(!) (I'm not sure whether this quotation belongs to him or not, but I liked it. :) “He who dares to teach must never cease to learn.” First of all, we as teachers must improve ourselves about everything such as cultural knowledge, technology, best seller books new novels etc. We should keep up with the times and try to understand our students.
Then we should know students’ interests, needs, backgrounds and their level of English / Turkish. If we know the aforementioned things, it would be easier for us to decide what kind of materials we can use to attract their attention. Also, one of the key points is that we should motivate the students to learn. As teachers we should teach our students why they learn language/grammar/vocabulary etc. rather than just memorization. Regarding teaching methods we can use student-centered methods. We should use examples from real life so they can broaden students’ knowledge. Also using examples from real life, help students to internalize the examples. I strongly believe that we should make our students acquire the language from all aspects including reading, listening, writing, and speaking.
All in all, as a teacher we have lots of things to do. One of our most important responsibilities’ is to help students to understand that they have enough power and capacity to learn a language if they are determined enough....
F. B.
As a complete beginner, I am very lucky to have Aysegül as my Turkish tutor. Learning from her is like being in Turkey with a polite, patient and knowledgeable guide. Aysegül is tremendously understanding and always encouraging. Oftentimes, she will ask me a question in Turkish, and due to my baby-level skills in the language, I'll often give her a blank, clueless stare. This does not bother her. She never judges or becomes annoyed at my lack of skills. She just smiles and asks me again or gives hints in English to get me to understand what is being said. Then I don't feel bad or foolish. The thing I like about her immersive approach is this is what foreigners will encounter when in Turkey. If you are serious about learning Turkish, you must speak Turkish most of the time. In order to learn the language, you must listen - and respond - in the language you want to learn. This is her approach and I love it, even if I look like a clueless potato when she asks me questions. Most of the lessons with Aysegül are structured in an immersive way and it is ideal. Since I am not in Turkey, talking with her regularly is the next best thing. Plus, she will kindly correct me when I make a mistake (unlike many of the tremendously polite Turkish population). Her lesson plans are highly structured, logical and abundant. She will go through the materials slowly with you until you understand it. She is always willing to answer questions without annoyance or judgment. After my first lesson, she sent me a ton of materials at no extra charge and without me asking for it. One was a really cool program which helps you learn vocabulary. 100% generous! Aysegül is one of the hardest working and helpful people I have encountered. She is generous to a fault, and despite me trying to compensate her for the extra free hour of time she spent on tutoring me, she refuses any additional payment. (I'll find a way to compensate her, though, just wait!) I am positive your experience will also delight you, so give her a try. You will learn great amounts of Turkish in no time at all. I look forward to many more lessons with her as long as she will allow me to be her eager student.
Aysegül Ö.
Hi!
My name is Ibrahim and I am here to teach you the essentials of Turkish Language. I got my university degree on law at Ankara University and subsequently finished my degree on MBA at Loyola University Quinlan school of Business in Chicago, USA. After professional life, I started teaching my language turkish to foreginers who want to speak turkish fluently. I have been teaching Turkish for over 5 years in a customized way with tailor-made course design. I use course materials produced mainly by myself as well as other grammer books and visuals. I use interactive teaching methods and encourage my students to speak confidently as well as to ask anything they have in mind. I also follow my students progress through home-works and reviews of the last lesson. After all, I give importance for my lessons to be a fun environment facilitating learning.
And now, it is your turn to take your part in my class at your earliest convenience to see how it works.
I am looking forward to seeing you in my class.
You can also check my youtube channel "Learn Turkish" at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDZZw9jEPdWImMAwfGkqpGA
Thank you.
Ibrahim
M. A.
Highly qualified experienced teacher, he explain every single word within a short time and Our speed in the class according to my learning speed naturally.
Ibrahim C.
Thank you Muhammed, you were a precious and diligent student
Hi, my name is Ayşegül. I graduated from Hacettepe University in the department of English Language Teaching. I'm an English teacher in a private institution now. I can teach both English and Turkish.
First and foremost, I want to start with one of my favourite quotation from Richard Henry Dana(!) (I'm not sure whether this quotation belongs to him or not, but I liked it. :) “He who dares to teach must never cease to learn.” First of all, we as teachers must improve ourselves about everything such as cultural knowledge, technology, best seller books new novels etc. We should keep up with the times and try to understand our students.
Then we should know students’ interests, needs, backgrounds and their level of English / Turkish. If we know the aforementioned things, it would be easier for us to decide what kind of materials we can use to attract their attention. Also, one of the key points is that we should motivate the students to learn. As teachers we should teach our students why they learn language/grammar/vocabulary etc. rather than just memorization. Regarding teaching methods we can use student-centered methods. We should use examples from real life so they can broaden students’ knowledge. Also using examples from real life, help students to internalize the examples. I strongly believe that we should make our students acquire the language from all aspects including reading, listening, writing, and speaking.
All in all, as a teacher we have lots of things to do. One of our most important responsibilities’ is to help students to understand that they have enough power and capacity to learn a language if they are determined enough....
A. O.
I have been Aysegul's student for 6 months and I have thoroughly enjoyed the experience. You can immediately tell she has a passion for language and education which is very encouraging. She always provides context and additional information around Turkish culture which helps you understand the background of what you are learning and also helps you connect with what you've learnt. I would absolutely recommend Aysegul for beginners, intermediate or advanced students looking for a kind, patient and knowledgable tutor.
Aysegül Ö.
Hi Guys! I'm Barış . I'm 25 years old and a native speaker of Turkish language.I live in Istanbul. I m passionate at sport and spiritual subjects. I would like to help you improve your Turkish skills ! I will try my best to take your Turkish level forward whatever your level is . ım looking forward to helping you.. best regards!!
M. A.
Baris is very intelligent teacher I think he can understood my needs in term of lacking points in the language then he starts developing my Turkish language Very quick.
Baris K.
Hi, I was born in Turkey and I live in Turkey.
I am an experienced teacher in teaching Turkish as a foreign language.
I graduated from the Turkish Language and Literature Teaching Department. I have master's and doctorate degree on teaching Turkish.
I taught Turkish to Lithuanian, Slovakian, Iraqi, Iranian, Russian, Greek, Arab, Qatari, Nepali and Syrian students face to face or online.
• I am using English and Arabic as tool languages in my lessons.
• I can teach Turkish at beginner, intermediate, advanced or academic level.
• It is important for me to have a live communication with students in my course.
• I create the content of my course according to the expectations of the student.
• In my lessons, I use original teaching materials, short videos, quizzes, short and long texts arranged according to the level of the student.
If you want to learn Turkish in a professional and fun way with me, we can start right away.
M. O.
It is always a real challenge for a teacher to work with foreign students. A teacher has to display great skill and ability to organize the teaching process in a correct way in order to build a good learning environment and to foster an enthusiasm for and appreciation of the subject being studied. Eyyup Coskun possesses a keen ability to manage all these complicated aspects of teaching process. His behavior and teaching style are flexible , balanced and appropriate. He successfully combines such qualities as being sensitive to his students as well as being able to motivate them and hear their requires. His teaching approach can be characterised as "blended learning" with traditional "classroom" technologies integrated with computer mediated learning activities. It helps to increase the interaction between the participants (teacher - student) in the educational process and to develop a unique content adapted to the student's needs. I'm very grateful to my Teacher and I appreciate our co-working a lot! With best regards to Eyyup Coskun, Mila
Thank you very much for your nice comments Mila. Studying Turkish with you is also a great experience for me. It makes me happy to bring your superior ability in language learning to Turkish. Best wishes.
Start today to learn or improve your Turkish. I have experience to teach Turkish to foreign people. After our lessons you can speak and understand Turkish well.
S. V.
Difficult to understand but lesson made successfully. Hope to get also good practical excercises to deepen knowledge of new things learned.
Sezer B.
Hello everybody, I am Revan. I am a native Turkish speaker. I am an experienced Turkish instructor who has taught Turkish as a foreign language in Turkey and the U.S.A.
I hold a Master’s Degree in Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Currently, I am pursuing a Ph.D. in the same field. I hold both DELTA and TESOL certificates, both of which are world-known language teaching specialization trainings. I have been teaching English as a foreign language for more than ten years and teaching Turkish as a foreign language for over five years. As an English language teacher, I have worked with different age groups and specialized with teens and adults. I have been working for one of the top universities in Turkey as a language instructor. As for Turkish language teaching, I worked as a Fulbright Language Teaching Assistant and taught Turkish at Amherst College, UMass- Amherst, Smith College, and Mt. Holyoke College.
In years, I have learned that there is no one specific teaching method as all methods are unique to the needs and abilities of the students. That's why I apply methods ranging from communicative language teaching to flipped-classroom based on the learners' needs.
M. A.
I got 8 classes with Revan I find here on time my classes was speaking more over other subjects she has a real tool that can support me while I speak Turkish wish you best of luck
Revan S.
For more than 15 years I have been working as a language teacher in Istanbul, Berlin and Hamburg.
After studying Spanish Linguistics at the University of Ankara, I trained as a language teacher for Turkish and Spanish at the DILMER language school in Istanbul.
My methodology focuses on the language skills of the students.
Grammar is trained through direct application and thus stays in the memory.
History, culture and literature offer us a lot to talk about and soon you will become confident in using the language.
Learning a language means learning to speak!
M. O.
I'm really inspired by my teacher and feel confident and encouraged throughout the learning process due to his extreme motivation to introduce interesting teaching strategies and to provide all the opportunities for his students' success. It's vital for a teacher to be adaptable in order to let his students thrive under his teaching style. In this respect Umut is highly dedicated and approachable. He's working really hard to support me as I learn. He's outstanding. He positively influences the atmosphere of our virtual classroom and his way of material representation as well as the lesson management is creative and stimulating. The process of studying goes along in deep interaction and collaboration thus becoming useful and resultative. I'm very thankful for having the privilege of working with such an inspired, energetic and creative teacher.
Umut K.
Hi. I am Hatice. I am a Turkish teacher. I graduated from the faculty of education last year. I took courses to teach Turkish in this faculty. I also attended various courses to teach the Turkish language. Speaking, listening, understanding... I have a certificate to teach Turkish to foreigners. I have been giving online Turkish lessons for about a year. Sometimes we practice Turkish with my students. Sometimes I teach them grammar. I do my lessons in three parts. In the first part, we repeat last week's lesson and prepare for the new lesson. In the second part of the lesson, we learn grammar. We listen to video and audio recordings to make the lesson effective. In the last part of the lesson, we practiced. I encourage you to speak Turkish. Don't be afraid to learn Turkish and take a trial lesson. It will be my pleasure to tell you about Turkish culture and the Turkish language.
H. .
Ms. Hatice tries very hard to "pick you up where you are". She tries to optimally adapt her lessons to the needs.
Hatice Ç.
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Hello,
I was born in İstanbul and I lived there. I hold a bachelor degree in cinema and television at İstanbul Şehir University. During my university years, my stories have been published in major Turkish literary magazines. After my graduation I have been specializing in children's book illustration and literature. I founded children's book publishing house in Turkey. The name is Yıldız Tozu Publishing and my books were released. I worked as an editor-in-chief in the company. I was finding books in the world and I was publishing them in Turkish. I am practically and professionally working on Turkish language and literature. Later on, I moved France to continue my education and works about literature and art. Currently, I am learning french.
I have experience in teaching Turkish in years. Furthermore, I speak English very well (TOEFL B2) and French (B1) it is advantage for students who are beginners.
Here my methodology when I teach Turkish:
I will use the grammar books and my presentations, time to time.
For speaking practice: illustrations, daily conversations
For listening practice: Turkish songs, movies, series
For reading practice: news and articles about Turkey (for advance students), stories, picture books (for intermediate students), texts from language books (for beginner and intermediate students.)
If students need to focus specific area like writing etc. I am designing my class according to that.
In addition, it is because I am using broad material about Turkish media, you will be familiar the culture and sociology of Turkey.
I like to do lesson in creative and in an organized way; therefore, I believe you will learn fast and you will enjoy learning Turkish with me!
I hope to see you in my class :)
S. M.
I have just started my classes with Esra and she is a very good teacher. She guides you very well through the class with her presentation and provides you with a lot of vocabulary and visual input which is vital to start speaking and constructing sentences. Her presentations and her explanations guide you through a very dinamic class in which the student has to speak and apply the topics learned in a variety of examples. This variety and the structure helps you a lot to start with the language. Her homework assigments are also very carefully prepared and help you with the repetitions to interiorate the concepts learned and to put them into practice. I am looking forward to the next lessons because through this approach we will be able to move at a steady and fast pace!
Thank you Sofia...
Hi Guys! I'm Barış . I'm 25 years old and a native speaker of Turkish language.I live in Istanbul. I m passionate at sport and spiritual subjects. I would like to help you improve your Turkish skills ! I will try my best to take your Turkish level forward whatever your level is . ım looking forward to helping you.. best regards!!
A. H.
Behind every lesson is invested time, hard work and big dose of energy. After completing more than 20 lessons with teacher Baris, I would definitely not change my teacher. His lessons are amazing, especially the way he explains.. Simply wonderful!
Baris K.
Hello from Turkey,
I am native Turkish speaker from the south of Turkey. I graduated from departmant of science teacher at Cukurova University. Teaching is significant and enjoyable for me because I like to learn new things with right sources so I care to teach. When I was student I worked at study center course and I teached english to children. and I teached at homes.
I like to learn new cultures, languages, music... I love to nature so I love to taking natural photographs. This is my hobby.
In my opinion teaching mustn't be boring and serious. We should have fun when we teach so I am waiting you for learn efficient and enjoyable.
L. S.
Hilal is an excellent, patient teacher with very good English language skills. Highly recommendable.
Hilal P.