Past tenses in Italian
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In the following pages you will find information on the past tenses that belong to the indicative mood:
Here is a chart to sum up the main past tenses of the indicative mood:
When to use it | How to form it | |
---|---|---|
Passato prossimo | action that took place in recent past | Presente indicativo auxiliary verb + past participle main verb |
Imperfetto | a continued action that lasted an indefinite time in the past |
|
Trapassato prossimo | a past action that took place before another action took place | Imperfetto auxiliary verb + past participle main verb |
Passato remoto | an action which was concluded in the distant past |
|
Trapassato remoto | in subordinate clauses: a past action that took place before another action introduced by the passato remoto | Passato remoto auxiliary verb + past participle main verb |
This compound tense in Italian is called passato prossimo.
This tense is used to refer to:
This tense is usually found with marker words such as ieri (yesterday), questa mattina (this morning), appena (just) and prima (before).
The passato prossimo in formed by:
Present indicative of the auxiliary verb + past participle of the main verb
Examples:
Some Italian verbs form the past participle in a regular way:
Some Italian verbs form the past participle in an irregular way so they have to be studied by heart:
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Here is a chart to help you with the conjugation of Italian verbs in the passato prossimo.
Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | Parlare (to speak) | Vendere (to sell) | Finire (to finish) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Io | sono stato/a | ho avuto | ho parlato | ho venduto | ho finito |
Tu | sei stato/a | hai avuto | hai parlato | hai venduto | hai finito |
Egli/Ella | è stato/a | ha avuto | ha parlato | ha venduto | ha finito |
Noi | siamo stati/e | abbiamo avuto | abbiamo parlato | abbiamo venduto | abbiamo finito |
Voi | siete stati/e | avete avuto | avete parlato | avete venduto | avete finito |
Essi/Esse | sono stati/e | hanno avuto | hanno parlato | hanno venduto | hanno finito |
All transitive verbs form the passato prossimo using the auxiliary verb avere.
The majority of intransitive verbs form the passato prossimo using the auxiliary verb essere. When a compound tense is formed with the verb essere, the past participle must agree with the subject in gender and number.
Examples:
This tense in Italian is called imperfetto.
The imperfetto is used to refer to a continued action that lasted an indefinite time in the past.
The imperfetto can be found with marker words such as mentre (while), da piccolo (when I was a child), quando avevo 5/10 anni (when I was 5/10 years old).
Regular verbs form the imperfetto by adding certain endings to the root of the verb:
Examples:
Irregular verbs have to be studied by heart because they do not follow grammatical rules:
Here is a chart to help you understand how the imperfetto is formed:
Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | Mangiare (to eat) | Scrivere (to write) | Mentire (to lie) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Io | ero | avevo | mangiavo | scrivevo | mentivo |
Tu | eri | avevi | mangiavi | scrivevi | mentivi |
Egli/Ella | era | aveva | mangiava | scriveva | mentiva |
Noi | eravamo | avevamo | mangiavamo | scrivevamo | mentivamo |
Voi | eravate | avevate | mangiavate | scrivevate | mentivate |
Essi/Esse | erano | avevano | mangiavano | scrivevano | mentivano |
This compound tense in Italian is called trapassato prossimo.
This tense refers to:
Examples:
The trapassato prossimo is formed by:
Imperfetto of the auxiliary verb + past participle of the main verb
Some Italian verbs from the past participle in a regular way:
Some Italian verbs form the past participle in an irregular way so they have to be studied by heart:
Here is a chart to help you with the conjugation of verbs in the trapassato prossimo.
Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | Mangiare (to eat) | Credere (to believe) | Partire (to leave) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Io | ero stato/a | avevo avuto | avevo mangiato | avevo creduto | ero partito/a |
Tu | eri stato/a | avevi avuto | avevi mangiato | avevi creduto | eri partito/a |
Egli/Ella | era stato/a | aveva avuto | aveva mangiato | aveva creduto | era partito/a |
Noi | eravamo stati/e | avevamo avuto | avevamo mangiato | avevamo creduto | eravamo partiti/e |
Voi | eravate stati/e | avevate avuto | avevate mangiato | avevate creduto | eravate partiti/e |
Essi/Esse | erano stati/e | avevano avuto | avevano mangiato | avevano creduto | erano partiti/e |
This tense in Italian is called passato remoto.
This tense is used to refer to an action that took place in the distant past.
This tense can be found with marker words such as 5/10 anni fa (5/10 years ago), l'anno scorso (last year), nel 1300/1500 (in 1300/1500).
Regular verbs form the passato remoto by adding certain endings to the root of the verb:
Examples:
Irregular verbs change their conjugation for the first and third person singular (io, egli/ella) and for the third person plural (essi/esse) have to be studied by heart.
Some of these verbs have to be studied by heart:
Others fall within two categories:
Here you can find a chart to understand how the passato remoto is formed:
Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | Amare (to love) | Temere (to fear) | Servire (to serve) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Io | fui | ebbi | amai | temei/étti | servii |
Tu | fosti | avesti | amasti | temesti | servisti |
Egli/Ella | fu | ebbe | amò | temé/ette | servì |
Noi | fummo | avemmo | amammo | tememmo | servimmo |
Voi | foste | aveste | amaste | temeste | serviste |
Essi/Esse | furono | ebbero | amarono | temerono/ettero | servirono |
This compound tense in Italian is called trapassato remoto.
This tense refers to an action that took place in the past before another action introduced by the passato remoto. This is why the trapassato remoto is usually found in subordinate clauses.
This tense can be found with marker words such as quando (when), non appena (as soon as), dopo che (after).
Examples:
The trapassato remoto is formed by:
Passato remoto of the auxiliary verb + past participle of the main verb
Some Italian verbs form the past participle in a regular way:
Some Italian verbs form the past participle in an irregular way:
Here you can find a chart to help you to understand how the trapassato remoto is formed:
Essere (to be) | Avere (to have) | Mangiare (to eat) | Credere (to believe) | Dormire (to sleep) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Io | fui stato/a | ebbi avuto | ebbi mangiato | ebbi creduto | ebbi dormito |
Tu | fosti stato/a | avesti avuto | avesti mangiato | avesti creduto | avesti dormito |
Egli/Ella | fu stato/a | ebbe avuto | ebbe mangiato | ebbe creduto | ebbe dormito |
Noi | fummo stati/e | avemmo avuto | avemmo mangiato | avemmo creduto | avemmo dormito |
Voi | foste stati/e | aveste avuto | aveste mangiato | aveste creduto | aveste dormito |
Essi/Esse | furono stati/e | ebbero avuto | ebbero mangiato | ebbero creduto | ebbero dormito |
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Hello my name is Lucia and I am a native Italian speaker.
I have a degree as an interpreter for English and French so I know how hard it may be to learn a foreign language. I work as a free-lance interpreter and private English and French teacher. I have a strong passion for languages which I have been studying for many years. I am studying Spanish now and always trying to improve my English and French knowledge. I am a friendly person and my lessons mainly focus on conversation. As a teacher I am very patient and I always propose tailor-made lessons with respect to your needs. I am really enthusiastic about being a teacher because this activity allows you to share your culture and habits with foreign people. Learning a language is also learning a new culture.
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Lucia, in a friendly and motivating manner, manages to get us, as beginners to Italian, to "speak". New vocabulary and grammar basics are regularly incorporated. Each lesson is different, fun and effective as Lucia is not only a very experienced teacher but also embodies the love for Italy and her language. We are happy to have “found” them, Rita and Connie
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
Are you seeking a friendly and dynamic study environment ? I got what you need. I am looking forward to being in touch with new students and organize pleasant, interesting and fruitful courses.
Do you wish to learn or improve your Italian to speak with your parents or friends? Do you need Italian for work or study ? Do you simply love Italian language and culture ? Do you need to improve your writing skills ?
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I offer 1-to-1 or 2-to-1 tuition, general Italian courses (grammar, conversation, listening, reading and writing), preparation to Italian examinations (all levels, also Italian for residence permit) and Italian and culture courses.
Grammar, vocabulary exercises, reading articles and magazines and talking together are all tools to feel at ease with the Italian language and then be able to practice it.
I have worked with children, adolescents and adults for all levels of Italian, from beginner to advanced. I have experience in preparing students to international certification (CILS, PLIDA). I was an A2/B1 Telc examiner.
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I had a trial class with Elena, and was very satisfied with the professionalism and all the teaching experience that she possesses. Will definitely continue to have classes with her.
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Hello everyone! I have been teaching Italian to foreigners in Bologna for 10 years, collaborating with local associations. I graduated in History, but later I specialized in teaching Italian by obtaining the Ditals, and in 2019 a master's degree at the Ca 'Foscari University of Venice in "Advanced planning of teaching Italian language and culture to foreigners". I love my job very much and I do it with dedication and passion. I have experience with students of all levels of Italian, from beginners to advanced, and in preparing for language tests. I adapt my teaching methods to the characteristics and training needs of my students, so as to favor a more effective, engaging and motivating learning. The materials I use are authentic, original texts and videos adapted for educational purposes. I love to use computer technologies for the preparation of interactive exercises, especially for the exercise of grammar. If you want to learn Italian in an engaging and motivating way, contact me! I'm waiting for you for a trial lesson!
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Tiphaine is a very competent and experienced French teacher. She prepares the lessons very carefully and focuses on all relevant aspects such as conversation, grammar and vocabulary. Above all, she has a very friendly personality that makes you feel at ease immediately. I can highly recommend her as a French teacher.
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I'm a certified Italian teacher based in my hometown Florence. I spent my childhood in a small village in the Chianti countryside and I always loved to explore curious aspects of different languages. I studied Arabic, English, French and Spanish and I like to help students with practical insights into Italian language to better fix the structures and improve pronunciation, grammar and conversation. After my studies (master degree in teaching Italian as a second language + CEDILS certificate - teaching Italian to foreign students), I taught in different contexts and countries (IIC of Beirut, private schools in Prague, companies in Malta and Florence and to many many private students!).
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Lucia is an excellent teacher of the Italian language with an excellent methodology, with a perfectly organized and individualized teaching program that meets the needs and level of each student and with a willingness to offer multidimensional tools to achieve the purpose of the courses. At the same time, she is an extremely noble and pleasant person, with amazing contagion in her field! An excellent teacher whom I feel extremely lucky to have met!
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Why should you choose me? Take a look at what people say who have taken online classes with me.
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Very Nice communication, easy to study and prictice Italiano, I am a Biginner and She has the patient to understand me.
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Thank you so much for the feedback, Pedro! It's a pleasure to work with you and help you achieve your goal.
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I am a teacher of Italian to Speakers of Other Languages with many years of experience in teaching in public and private schools. I have taught Italian to speakers of other languages in schools, in migratory contexts and in vocational training at all levels (from pre A1 to C2 ). I have gained experience as a teacher with Arabic-speaking, Slavic-speaking, German-speaking, French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, Sinophone, Lusophone and Anglophone students, and have taught literacy courses for asylum seekers and refugees. I did a training internship as a lecturer in Italian at the Department of Romance at the University of Salzburg. I completed my training by teaching Italian to learners with special educational needs. Moreover, I am a CILS, CELI and PLIDA examiner for the speaking part. I also speak German, English and French and I successfully completed my Celta in October 2020.
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Monica is fantastic -- highly organized, knowledgeable and friendly. She is very easy to learn from. I feel like I am in very good hands. I highly recommend her especially if you need help preparing for a certification exam (CELI, CILS, etc.).
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
Are you seeking a friendly and dynamic study environment ? I got what you need. I am looking forward to being in touch with new students and organize pleasant, interesting and fruitful courses.
Do you wish to learn or improve your Italian to speak with your parents or friends? Do you need Italian for work or study ? Do you simply love Italian language and culture ? Do you need to improve your writing skills ?
My classes are tailored on your needs and considering your level of knowledge, I create a proper course plan. Classes focus on language and on the possibility for you to improve your ability to speak and understand Italian in your daily life or in work.
I offer 1-to-1 or 2-to-1 tuition, general Italian courses (grammar, conversation, listening, reading and writing), preparation to Italian examinations (all levels, also Italian for residence permit) and Italian and culture courses.
Grammar, vocabulary exercises, reading articles and magazines and talking together are all tools to feel at ease with the Italian language and then be able to practice it.
I have worked with children, adolescents and adults for all levels of Italian, from beginner to advanced. I have experience in preparing students to international certification (CILS, PLIDA). I was an A2/B1 Telc examiner.
Learning Italian can be closely related to culture, literature, music, sport and any other interest of my students.
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Elena is a profesional teacher in every way. She’s tailored the lessons for my level and we are working towards an specific goal. I’m super happy with her methodology and I’m looking forward to the next lesson! 100% recommended.
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
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I asked Daniela to help me with pronunciation. She pays careful attention, and corrects my pronunciation as needed.
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Hello my name is Lucia and I am a native Italian speaker.
I have a degree as an interpreter for English and French so I know how hard it may be to learn a foreign language. I work as a free-lance interpreter and private English and French teacher. I have a strong passion for languages which I have been studying for many years. I am studying Spanish now and always trying to improve my English and French knowledge. I am a friendly person and my lessons mainly focus on conversation. As a teacher I am very patient and I always propose tailor-made lessons with respect to your needs. I am really enthusiastic about being a teacher because this activity allows you to share your culture and habits with foreign people. Learning a language is also learning a new culture.
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It is difficult to judge a teacher properly after a first lesson. Moreover, due to my fault, the internet connection did not go very well. Despite the foregoing, I was very satisfied with the first lesson.
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1 Present perfect (passato prossimo) in Italian | A lesson on the Italian passato prossimo tense |
2 Imperfect (imperfetto) in Italian | A lesson on the imperfect tense in Italian (imperfetto) |
3 Past perfect (trapassato prossimo) in Italian | Course on the Italian trapassato prossimo |
4 Absolute past tense (passato remoto) in Italian | Course on the Italian absolute past tense (passato remoto) |
5 Preterite perfect tense (trapassato remoto) in Italian | Course on the Italian trapassato remoto |