Dutch personal pronouns (persoonlijk voornaamwoord)
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Dutch personal pronouns refer to a person, group of people or an object. As you will see below, there are different pronouns for subjects and objects.
Lesson outline
Hide1) Dutch subject pronouns
The subject in a sentence is the one that performs the action. There are two forms of subject pronouns:
- Stressed subject pronouns are used when the emphasis lies on the pronoun in the sentence.
- However, unstressed subject pronouns are used more often.
| Stressed subject pronoun | Unstressed subject pronoun | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Ik | Ik | I |
| Jij | Je | You |
| U | U | You (formal) |
| Hij | Hij | He |
| Zij | Ze | She |
| Dit/dat | Het | It (het-nouns) |
| Deze/die | Hij | It (de-nouns) |
| Wij | We | We |
| Jullie | Jullie | You |
| Zij | Ze | They |
| Deze/die | Ze | They (lifeless objects) |
You can replace the personal pronoun by a name if you are not sure – if it cannot be replaced by a name it is not a personal pronoun.
The stressed subject pronouns are used when the emphasis lies on the pronoun in the sentence:
- Je hoeft niet naar school toe vandaag. You don't have to go to school today.
- Jij hoeft niet naar school toe vandaag (maar ik wel). You don't have to go to school today (but I do).
| Subject pronoun | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Ik |
|
|
Jij (stressed) Je |
|
|
| U |
|
|
| Hij |
|
|
Zij (stressed) Ze |
|
|
Dit/dat (het-nouns) (stressed) Het (het-nouns) |
|
|
Deze/die (de-nouns) Hij (de-nouns) |
|
|
Wij (stressed) We |
|
|
| Jullie |
|
|
Zij (stressed) Ze |
|
|
Deze/die (lifeless object) Ze (lifeless object) |
|
|
'Dit'/'dat' and 'deze'/'die' are demonstrative pronouns
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2) Dutch object pronouns
We use an object pronoun when the personal pronoun is not the subject in the sentence. There are two forms of object pronouns:
- Stressed object pronouns are used when the emphasis lies on the pronoun in the sentence.
- However, unstressed object pronouns are used more often.
| Stressed object pronouns | Unstressed object pronouns | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Mij | Me | Me |
| Jou | Je | You |
| U | U | You (formal) |
| Hem | Hem | Him |
| Haar | Haar | Her |
| Dit/dat | het | It (het-nouns) |
| Deze/die | hem | It (de-nouns) |
| Ons | Ons | Us |
| Jullie | Jullie | You |
| Hun/hen | Ze | Them |
| Deze/die | Ze | Them |
'Dit'/'dat' and 'deze'/'die' are demonstrative pronouns.
| Object pronoun | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
Mij (stressed) Me |
|
|
Jou (stressed) Je |
|
|
| U |
|
|
| Hem |
|
|
| Haar |
|
|
Dit/dat (het-noun) Het (het-nouns) |
|
|
Deze/die (de-nouns) Hem (de-nouns) |
|
|
| Ons |
|
|
| Jullie |
|
|
Hun/hen (stressed) Ze |
|
|
Deze/die (lifeless object) Ze (lifeless object) |
|
|
Train your skills with the exercises below!
Exercises
- Exercise to practice Dutch personal pronouns
- Exercise personal pronouns (mixed pronouns)
- Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (subject pronouns)
- Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (object pronouns)
Exercise to practice Dutch personal pronouns
Exercise personal pronouns (mixed pronouns)
Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (subject pronouns)
Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (object pronouns)
Exercises
- Exercise to practice Dutch personal pronouns
- Exercise personal pronouns (mixed pronouns)
- Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (subject pronouns)
- Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (object pronouns)
Exercise to practice Dutch personal pronouns
Exercise personal pronouns (mixed pronouns)
Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (subject pronouns)
Exercise Dutch personal pronouns (object pronouns)
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