Personal pronouns in Slovak
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Personal pronouns are the most used and basic pronouns from all of the groups. They indicate who are we talking about. Interesting fact is, that in Slovak language we have two forms of "they". Let's figure out how all of the personal pronouns look like.
Lesson outline
HideClassification of personal pronouns
Personal pronouns are divided into 2 groups:
- basic
- possessive
Here is the table of how they are written and pronounced:
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| I | ja | we | my |
| you | ty | you | vy |
| he | on | they (masculine) | oni, ony |
| she | ona | they (feminine) | ony |
| it | ono | they (neutral) | ony |
The two plurals change together with the noun they are referring to.
- oni = used with masculine, living nouns (people)
- ony = used with masculine, non-living nouns (animals, things), feminine and neutral genders
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Basic personal pronouns
In Slovak language, we differentiate short and long forms of personal pronouns, when declining ja, ty, on, ona, ono and oni, ony.
Short forms are not used at the beginning of the sentences and are most often used with prepositions.
You can check the declension here:
| Nominative | ja | ty | on | ona | ono |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genitive | mňa, ma | teba, ťa | jeho, neho, ho, -ňho | jej, nej | jeho, neho, -ň |
| Dative | mne, mi | tebe, ti | jemu, nemu, mu | jej, nej | jemu, nemu, mu |
| Accusative | mňa, ma | teba, ťa | jeho, neho, ho, -ňho | ju, ňu | jeho, ho -ň |
| Locative | mne | tebe | ňom | nej | ňom |
| Instrumental | mnou | tebou | ním | ňou | ním |
and plural:
| Nominative | my | vy | oni | ony |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genitive | nás | vás | ich, nich | ich, nich |
| Dative | nám | vám | im, nim | im, nim |
| Accusative | nás | vás | ich, nich | ich, ne |
| Locative | nás | vás | nich | nich |
| Instrumental | nami | vami | nimi | nimi |
Examples:
- Vidím ťa (I see you).
- Hovorím s tebou (I talk with you).
- Dám ti darček (I will give a gift to you).
Possessive personal pronouns
Môj, tvoj, náš, váš and svoj are all declined according to the model môj. On the other hand, jeho, jej, ich remain unchanged, and they are never declined!
- Moja stará kniha. Jej stará kniha. (My old book. Her old book.)
- O mojej starej knihe. O jej starej knihe. (About my old book. About her old book.)
- S mojou starou knihou. S jej starou knihou. (With my old book. With her old book.)
| Case | masculine | feminine | neutral |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | môj | moj-a | moj-e |
| Genitive | môj-ho | moj-ej | môj-ho |
| Dative | môj-mu | moj-ej | môj-mu |
| Accusative | môj or -ho | moj-u | moj-e |
| Locative | moj-om | moj-ej | moj-om |
| Instrumental | moj-ím | moj-ou | moj-ím |
and plural form, again, as with adjective, is changing. For masculine personal nouns (people, living nouns) is one form and for feminine, neutral and masculine non-personal (non-living) nouns is another form:
| Case | masculine personsl | others |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | moj-i | moj-e |
| Genitive | moj-ich | moj-ich |
| Dative | moj-im | moj-im |
| Accusative | moj-ich | moj-e |
| Locative | moj-ich | moj-ich |
| Instrumental | moj-imi | moj-imi |
Exercises
Exercise about declension of môj
Drag the text exercise on personal pronouns
Exercises
Exercise about declension of môj
Drag the text exercise on personal pronouns
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