Models of Slovak nouns
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In this lesson we will introduce you all the 12 models of Slovak nouns. The models help us to create a correct plural form. Also, we decline the nouns according to their models. So let´s get started!
Each out of 3 genders has 4 basic models:
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neutral gender |
|---|---|---|
| chlap (a man) | žena (a woman) | mesto (a town) |
| hrdina (a hero) | ulica (a street) | srdce (a heart) |
| dub (an oak) | dlaň (a palm) | vysvedčenie (a report) |
| stroj (a machine) | kosť (a bone) | dievča (a girl) |
Now, we will show you how all of the models are declined using 6 cases, both in singular and plural form.
Lesson outline
Hide- 1.Masculine gender and its models
- 1.1.Chlap
- 1.2.Hrdina
- 1.3.Dub
- 1.4.Stroj
- 2.Feminine gender and its models
- 2.1.Žena
- 2.2.Ulica
- 2.3.Dlaň
- 2.4.Kosť
- 3.Neutral gender and its models
- 3.1.Mesto
- 3.2.Srdce
- 3.3.Vysvedčenie
- 3.4.Dievča
- 4.Exercises
- 4.1.Exercise about the model chlap
- 4.2.Exercise about the model žena
- 4.3.Exercice about the model mesto
Masculine gender and its models
Masculine nouns are divided into 2 groups:
living (people of masculine gender OR animals acting like humans (usually used in poets), usually ending with -o or -a or ending on consonants) = the models are chlap and hrdina
- non-living (animals or things, endings of the words with consonants, but explained specifically for each model) = the models dub and stroj
As you could see from the table above, there are 4 models of masculine gender. Let's have a look at all of them:
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Chlap
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | chlap | chlap-i |
| Genitive | chlap-a | chlap-ov |
| Dative | chlap-ovi | chlap-om |
| Accusative | chlap-a | chlap-ov |
| Local | chlap-ovi | chlap-och |
| Instrumental | chlap-om | chlap-mi |
Words that follow this declination:
- Only living masculine nouns ending with -o (dedo, oco, Jano...) or other consonants (priateľ, brat, otec...)
- N, pl. can also end with -ovia (synovia, dedovia, potomkovia) or -ia (bratia, učitelia...)
- animals are also declined according to chlap, but only in singular!
Hrdina
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hrdin-a | hrdin-ovia |
| Genitive | hrdin-u | hrdin-ov |
| Dative | hrdin-ovi | hrdin-om |
| Accusative | hrdin-u | hrdin-ov |
| Local | hrdin-ovi | hrdin-och |
| Instrumental | hrdin-om | hrdin-ami |
Words that follow this declination:
- Living masculine words ending with -a. (futbalista, hokejista, cyklista...
Dub
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | dub | dub-y |
| Genitive | dub-a | dub-ov |
| Dative | dub-u | dub-om |
| Accusative | dub | dub-y |
| Local | dub-e | dub-och |
| Instrumental | dub-om | dub-mi |
Words that follow this declination:
Non-living masculine nouns ending with hard or bilabial consonant: dom, strom, potok, skutok...
Animal nouns only in plural form! (ending with a hard or neutral consonant): had, vlk, lev...
Stroj
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | stroj | stroj-e |
| Genitive | stroj-a | stroj-ov |
| Dative | stroj-u | stroj-om |
| Accusative | stroj | stroj-e |
| Local | stroj-i | stroj-och |
| Instrumental | stroj-om | stroj-mi |
Words that follow this declination:
- Non-living nouns, ending with soft consonant: papier, kameň, dážď
- Animal nouns ending with soft consonant: ďateľ, medveď, mravec
Feminine gender and its models
We can divide the nouns of feminine gender into 2 groups:
| ending with -a | žena | hard or bilabial consonant before -a | hlava, ruka, noha |
|---|---|---|---|
| ulica | soft consonant before -a | tabuľa, schôdza, ruža |
and
| ending with consonant | dlaň | N, pl. is ending with -e | päsť, pieseň, loď |
|---|---|---|---|
| kosť | N, pl. is ending with -i | krv, noc, nenávisť |
Žena
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | žen-a | žen-y |
| Genitive | žen-y | žien  |
| Dative | žen-e | žen-ám |
| Accusative | žen-u | žen-y |
| Local | žen-e | žen-ách |
| Instrumental | žen-ou | žen-ami |
Ulica
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ulic-a | ulic-e |
| Genitive | ulic-e | ulíc |
| Dative | ulic-i | ulic-iam |
| Accusative | ulic-u | ulic-e |
| Local | ulic-i | ulic-iach |
| Instrumental | ulic-ou | ulic-ami |
Dlaň
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | dlaň | dlan-e |
| Genitive | dlan-e | dlan-í |
| Dative | dlan-i | dlan-iam |
| Accusative | dlaň | dlan-e |
| Local | dlan-i | dlan-iach |
| Instrumental | dlaň-ou | dlaň-ami |
Kosť
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kosť | kost-i |
| Genitive | kost-i | kost-í |
| Dative | kost-i | kost-iam |
| Accusative | kosť | kost-i |
| Local | kost-i | kost-iach |
| Instrumental | kosť-ou | kosť-ami |
Neutral gender and its models
Mesto
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | mest-o | mest-á |
| Genitive | mest-a | miest |
| Dative | mest-u | mest-ám |
| Accusative | mest-o | mest-á |
| Local | mest-e | mest-ách |
| Instrumental | mest-om | mest-ami |
Words that follow this declination:
- words ending with -o (auto, jablko...)
- words ending with -on (epiteton)
- word ending with -um (múzeum, ópium, koloseum...)
Srdce
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | srdc-e | srdc-ia |
| Genitive | srdc-a | sŕdc |
| Dative | srdc-u | srdc-iam |
| Accusative | srdc-e | srdc-ia |
| Local | srdc-i | srdc-iach |
| Instrumental | srdc-om | srdc-iami |
Words that follow this declination:
words ending on -e (vajce, more, pole)
Vysvedčenie
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | vysvedčen-ie | vysvedčen-ia |
| Genitive | vysvedčen-ia | vysvedčen-í |
| Dative | vysvedcčen-iu | vysvedčen-iam |
| Accusative | vysvedčen-ie | vysvedčen-ia |
| Local | vysvedčen-í | vysvedčen-iach |
| Instrumental | vysvedčen-ím | vysvedčen-iami |
Words that follow this declination:
- ending with -ie (plávanie, surfovanie, športovanie)
Dievča
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | dievč-a | dievč-atá/-ence |
| Genitive | dievč-aťa | dievč-at/-eniec |
| Dative | dievč-aťu | dievč-atám/-encom |
| Accusative | dievč-a | dievč-atá/-ence |
| Local | dievč-ati | dievč-atách/-encoch |
| Instrumental | dievč-aťom | dievč-atami/-encami |
Words that follow this declination:
- words ending with -a (šťeňa, mláďa, knieža)
- words ending with -ä (žriebä, holúbä, plemä)
Exercises
Exercise about the model chlap
Exercise about the model žena
Exercice about the model mesto
Exercises
Exercise about the model chlap
Exercise about the model žena
Exercice about the model mesto
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Thanks to my experience as a teacher at language school, I gave lessons to individuals, groups of various ages, children... I always try to personalize my lessons and concentrate on those areas that are important for you.
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