Estonian pronouns
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In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase. How is this possible? Briefly, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.
In Estonian there are 6 different types of pronouns.
Personal pronouns have two forms in Estonian - a long form which is used when you want to emphazise the pronoun and a short form which is used when you don't.
English | Estonian | Short form |
---|---|---|
I | Mina | Ma |
You (singular) | Sina | Sa |
He/She/It | Tema | Ta |
We | Meie | Me |
You (plural) | Teie | Te |
They | Nemad | Nad |
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In the following tables you can see how the personal pronouns are declined.
Singular
I | Short | You | Short | He/She/It | Short | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | mina | ma | sina | sa | tema | ta |
Genitive | minu | mu | sinu | su | tema | ta |
Partitive | mind | - | sind | - | teda | - |
Illative | minusse | musse | sinusse | susse | temasse | tasse |
Inessive | minus | mus | sinus | sus | temas | tas |
Elative | minust | must | sinust | sust | temast | tast |
Allative | minule | mulle | sinule | sulle | temale | talle |
Adessive | minul | mul | sinul | sul | temal | tal |
Ablative | minult | mult | sinult | sult | temalt | talt |
Translative | minuks | - | sinuks | - | temaks | - |
Terminative | minuni | - | sinuni | - | temani | - |
Essive | minuna | - | sinuna | - | temana | - |
Comitative | minuga | - | sinuga | - | temaga | - |
Abessive | minuta | - | sinuta | - | temata | - |
Plural
We | Short | You | Short | They | Short | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | meie | me | teie | te | nemad | nad |
Genitive | meie | me | teie | te | nende | - |
Partitive | meid | - | teid | - | neid | - |
Illative | meisse | - | teisse | - | nendesse | neisse |
Inessive | meis | - | teis | - | nendes | neis |
Elative | meist | - | teist | - | nendest | neist |
Allative | meile | - | teile | - | nendele | neile |
Adessive | meil | - | teil | - | nendel | neil |
Ablative | meilt | - | teilt | - | nendelt | neilt |
Translative | meieks | meiks | teieks | teiks | nendeks | neiks |
Terminative | meieni | - | teieni | - | nendeni | - |
Essive | meiena | - | teiena | - | nendena | - |
Comitative | meiega | - | teiega | - | nendega | - |
Abessive | meieta | - | teieta | - | nendeta | - |
A reflexive pronoun indicates that the person who is realizing the action of the verb is also the recipient of the action.
There are two of them in Estonian:
The pronoun ise is equivalent to '(one)self' in English.
-self (singular) | short | -selves (plural) | short | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ise | - | ise | - |
Genitive | enese | enda | eneste | endi |
Partitive | ennast | end | endid | - |
Illative | enesesse | endasse | enestesse | endisse |
Inessive | eneses | endas | enestes | endis |
Elative | enesest | endast | enestest | endist |
Allative | enesele | endale | enestele | endile |
Adessive | enesel | endal | enestel | endil |
Ablative | eneselt | endalt | enestelt | endilt |
Translative | eneseks | endaks | enesteks | endiks |
Terminative | eneseni | endani | enesteni | endini |
Essive | enesena | endana | enestena | endina |
Comitative | enesega | endaga | enestega | endiga |
Abessive | eneseta | endata | enesteta | endita |
There are compound pronouns for all the forms of ise except the nominative: gen. iseenese, part. iseennast, ill. iseenesesse etc. They mean the same thing as simpler forms but add an element of emphasis.
The pronoun oma is used to indicate possession by the subject of the sentence. It corresponds to the possessive pronouns in English, like 'my (own)' or 'mine' etc.
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | oma | omad |
Genitive | oma | omad |
Partitive | oma | omasid / omi |
Illative | omasse | omadesse |
Inessive | omas | omades |
Elative | omast | omadest |
Allative | omale | omadele |
Adessive | omal | omadel |
Ablative | omalt | omadelt |
Translative | omaks | omadeks |
Terminative | omani | omadeni |
Essive | omana | omadena |
Comitative | omaga | omadega |
Abessive | omata | omadeta |
However, the pronoun oma is normally not declined!
The pronoun oma is declined for special emphasis. Adding an emphatic 'own' would be the equivalent in English.
The pronoun oma is also declined when it stands alone, without an accompanying noun.
Reciprocal pronouns are used for expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another, each other.
There are two of them in Estonian: üksteise 'each other's' (of more than two people) and teineteise 'each other's' (of two people). Both of them lack the plural forms and the singular nominative.
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to something specific within a sentence.
In the table below you can find the most used demonstrative pronouns declined in the first 3 cases. (The other 11 cases are declined regurarly, by adding the appropriate endings to the genitive)
English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|
This | see | selle | seda |
That | too | tolle | toda |
These | need | nende | neid |
Those | nood | nonde | noid |
That kind (of) | selline | sellise | sellist |
This kind (of) | niisugune | niisuguse | niisugust |
Such (a) | seesugune | seesuguse | seesugust |
Interrogative-relative pronouns are those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause or those which introduce a question.
English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|
Who | kes | kelle | keda |
What | mis | mille | mida |
What kind of / which one | missugune | missuguse | missugust |
Who or which (of the two) | kumb | kumma | kumba |
Which kind (of) | milline | millise | millist |
Indefinite pronouns refer to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places.
English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|
Someone | keegi | kellegi | kedagi |
Something | miski | millegi | midagi |
Either | kumbki | kummagi | kumbagi |
A single (something) | ükski | ühegi | ühtegi |
Everyone, everything, all (singular) | kõik | kõige | kõike |
Everyone, everything, all (plural) | kõik | kõigi | kõiki |
Both | mõlemad | mõlema | mõlemat |
All of, the whole of | kogu | - | - |
Every | iga | iga | iga |
Continue to the exercises to practice pronouns in Estonian!
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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Riina was kind enough to reschedule my trial lesson. She is a very well-spoken teacher. I would definitely recommend her and I look forward to more Estonian lessons.
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Hello guys! I've been teaching English for three years now, it all all started when I moved to Italy to be with my loving partner and become a father. I can teach any level form beginner to advanced, with your language goal in mind. I prefer to personalize lessons to individual students and my strengths are exam preparation and conversational English for those wishing to speak like a native.
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I have a postgraduate degree (France) in Languages, Literature and Cultural Studies and I’m currently a freelance translator. I’ve previously worked at universities in France and abroad (South Africa/Australia) and have a solid experience in teaching (French Language, Literature, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Creative Writing, etc.), designing courses, evaluating and guiding students, preparing students for exams/job interviews/professional presentations, managing a Language and Literature department at the university, presenting papers at academic conferences worldwide, publishing, translating and journalism. Over the years, I’ve had the opportunity to teach people with different profiles and from various backgrounds: international professionals, university students, beginner translators and teachers, high school students, retirees, travellers, francophiles, children (help with homework), etc.
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
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I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
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Diana is a great Estonian teacher - patient, careful, and efficient. In addition to teaching competently, she encourages the student to enjoy the learning journey. I can't wait to take more classes. Suur aitäh!
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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It is so hard to find a good Estonian language teacher, especially a Russian speaker. And another important thing, that Diana motivates so much.
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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Diana is a very professional teacher. Extremely patient and competent. She's always supporting and encouraging with her positive attitude. Looking forward to continue my study journey with her.
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Hi,
First of all, I would like to congratulate you on the decision to learn or improve a new language. Whether it is Estonian, English or Russian, beginner, advanced or Business language - you are in the right place.
My name is Martin and I am coming from a tiny country in the Northern Europe called Estonia. One of my biggest hobbies is teaching and educating others, that is why for the past 3 years I have been living and working in Istanbul while teaching English to different age groups: kindergarten, school, university as well as adults. I have had students from Beginners to Advanced as well as several businessmen and CEOs of international companies located in Istanbul. What is more, for the last 2 years I have been teaching Estonian, English and Russian online through Skype that gave me chance to meet people from all over the world and help them on their journey of learning foreign languages in a comfortable and enjoyable environment.
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Oh my God! Every lesson with Martin is full of big news, about grammar and not only! Wooooooow! :-)
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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A wonderful teacher- patient, knowledgeable and so pleasant in communication! Was very flexible with scheduling a class at the last moment to accommodate me. Five stars all the way!
Diana B.It was a pleasure to meet Elena!❤️ She did so well pronouncing Estonian. The text was very complex but she handled it beautifully. All the best with your future endeavours!
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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Diana is the best online teacher you can find. My children learn a lot. The classes are really fun. Highly recommended teacher.
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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I have now completed 20 lessons with Riina. I can confidently say her classes grow with you. While it is clear that she has a progression of vocabulary and grammar concepts, each lesson is still individualized to fit your interests and questions. Starting as a complete beginner with no knowledge of Estonian meant that at first, everything was new and very challenging. However, Riina presented in a way that was easy to understand. As I have gained more understanding, the lessons have added more vocabulary and grammar concepts in a way that makes sense. There is always time for questions at the beginning of each lesson in case I think of any between lessons. Additionally, there has also been more Estonian spoken each lesson, based on my progress. I recommend Riina to anyone looking for an Estonian teacher, and I am looking forward to continuing lessons with her.
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I'm very patient, and attentive in my approach. I don't let seemingly small things, like pronunciation issues, pass unnoticed. I can teach absolute beginners. I'm always exploring better and better techniques to help my students learn.
My teaching style is a combination of speaking practice and textbooks.
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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Riina is a great teacher! I enjoy my lessons with her. Estonian is not the easiest language to learn, but she makes it fun while challenging. I'm looking forward to continuing my lessons!
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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I can't really judge the learning methods after a trial lesson. The overall impression was positive. I look forward to further work with Riina.
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
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Daniela is very nice and a very good teacher. We are moving at a good pace and she is helping me a lot so far.
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I am a tutor in French as a foreign language. I specialize in conversation and communication from B1 level upwards, but I also have A2 students with whom I follow a more traditional method.
With me, you can express yourself freely and make mistakes without fear, I'll take note of them without interrupting. Essential is that the conversation flows and that we understand each other.
I am Belgian and my mother tongue is French. I have always loved literature, culture, and languages. I studied in Flanders for 10 years, lived in France and Switzerland for 4 years, and I currently live in Valencia, Spain.
I followed the DAEFLE training (teaching French as a foreign language) in 2017.
My practice: - online conversation / support for self-taught students
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Method: - interests and culture
- videos, images, music, reports, poems
- asking questions and seeking answers online (with guidance)
- I encourage listening to podcasts and the use of applications such as Duolingo outside of class for vocabulary and repetition
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Lessons with Elodie are less like traditional teacher-student lessons, and more like having a conversation with your French-speaking friend. Having no practical necessity to improve my French now, but wishing to do so nevertheless (and not to forget what I already knew), this is exactly the format I was looking for. Elodie usually defines a topic for the lesson (according to my preferences) and sends some materials in advance to prepare (e.g. a YouTube video to watch), which will be discussed then. She corrects persistent mistakes and explains new words but makes sure it does not interrupt the flow of conversation. It is a good language practice, but also a great way to learn new things about francophone culture (and not only!), so I definitely recommend!
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