Estonian pronouns
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In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase. How is this possible? Briefly, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.
In Estonian there are 6 different types of pronouns.
Personal pronouns have two forms in Estonian - a long form which is used when you want to emphazise the pronoun and a short form which is used when you don't.
English | Estonian | Short form |
---|---|---|
I | Mina | Ma |
You (singular) | Sina | Sa |
He/She/It | Tema | Ta |
We | Meie | Me |
You (plural) | Teie | Te |
They | Nemad | Nad |
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In the following tables you can see how the personal pronouns are declined.
Singular
I | Short | You | Short | He/She/It | Short | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | mina | ma | sina | sa | tema | ta |
Genitive | minu | mu | sinu | su | tema | ta |
Partitive | mind | - | sind | - | teda | - |
Illative | minusse | musse | sinusse | susse | temasse | tasse |
Inessive | minus | mus | sinus | sus | temas | tas |
Elative | minust | must | sinust | sust | temast | tast |
Allative | minule | mulle | sinule | sulle | temale | talle |
Adessive | minul | mul | sinul | sul | temal | tal |
Ablative | minult | mult | sinult | sult | temalt | talt |
Translative | minuks | - | sinuks | - | temaks | - |
Terminative | minuni | - | sinuni | - | temani | - |
Essive | minuna | - | sinuna | - | temana | - |
Comitative | minuga | - | sinuga | - | temaga | - |
Abessive | minuta | - | sinuta | - | temata | - |
Plural
We | Short | You | Short | They | Short | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | meie | me | teie | te | nemad | nad |
Genitive | meie | me | teie | te | nende | - |
Partitive | meid | - | teid | - | neid | - |
Illative | meisse | - | teisse | - | nendesse | neisse |
Inessive | meis | - | teis | - | nendes | neis |
Elative | meist | - | teist | - | nendest | neist |
Allative | meile | - | teile | - | nendele | neile |
Adessive | meil | - | teil | - | nendel | neil |
Ablative | meilt | - | teilt | - | nendelt | neilt |
Translative | meieks | meiks | teieks | teiks | nendeks | neiks |
Terminative | meieni | - | teieni | - | nendeni | - |
Essive | meiena | - | teiena | - | nendena | - |
Comitative | meiega | - | teiega | - | nendega | - |
Abessive | meieta | - | teieta | - | nendeta | - |
A reflexive pronoun indicates that the person who is realizing the action of the verb is also the recipient of the action.
There are two of them in Estonian:
The pronoun ise is equivalent to '(one)self' in English.
-self (singular) | short | -selves (plural) | short | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ise | - | ise | - |
Genitive | enese | enda | eneste | endi |
Partitive | ennast | end | endid | - |
Illative | enesesse | endasse | enestesse | endisse |
Inessive | eneses | endas | enestes | endis |
Elative | enesest | endast | enestest | endist |
Allative | enesele | endale | enestele | endile |
Adessive | enesel | endal | enestel | endil |
Ablative | eneselt | endalt | enestelt | endilt |
Translative | eneseks | endaks | enesteks | endiks |
Terminative | eneseni | endani | enesteni | endini |
Essive | enesena | endana | enestena | endina |
Comitative | enesega | endaga | enestega | endiga |
Abessive | eneseta | endata | enesteta | endita |
There are compound pronouns for all the forms of ise except the nominative: gen. iseenese, part. iseennast, ill. iseenesesse etc. They mean the same thing as simpler forms but add an element of emphasis.
The pronoun oma is used to indicate possession by the subject of the sentence. It corresponds to the possessive pronouns in English, like 'my (own)' or 'mine' etc.
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | oma | omad |
Genitive | oma | omad |
Partitive | oma | omasid / omi |
Illative | omasse | omadesse |
Inessive | omas | omades |
Elative | omast | omadest |
Allative | omale | omadele |
Adessive | omal | omadel |
Ablative | omalt | omadelt |
Translative | omaks | omadeks |
Terminative | omani | omadeni |
Essive | omana | omadena |
Comitative | omaga | omadega |
Abessive | omata | omadeta |
However, the pronoun oma is normally not declined!
The pronoun oma is declined for special emphasis. Adding an emphatic 'own' would be the equivalent in English.
The pronoun oma is also declined when it stands alone, without an accompanying noun.
Reciprocal pronouns are used for expressing mutual actions or relationship; i.e. one another, each other.
There are two of them in Estonian: üksteise 'each other's' (of more than two people) and teineteise 'each other's' (of two people). Both of them lack the plural forms and the singular nominative.
Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to something specific within a sentence.
In the table below you can find the most used demonstrative pronouns declined in the first 3 cases. (The other 11 cases are declined regurarly, by adding the appropriate endings to the genitive)
English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|
This | see | selle | seda |
That | too | tolle | toda |
These | need | nende | neid |
Those | nood | nonde | noid |
That kind (of) | selline | sellise | sellist |
This kind (of) | niisugune | niisuguse | niisugust |
Such (a) | seesugune | seesuguse | seesugust |
Interrogative-relative pronouns are those which refer to nouns mentioned previously, acting to introduce an adjective (relative) clause or those which introduce a question.
English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|
Who | kes | kelle | keda |
What | mis | mille | mida |
What kind of / which one | missugune | missuguse | missugust |
Who or which (of the two) | kumb | kumma | kumba |
Which kind (of) | milline | millise | millist |
Indefinite pronouns refer to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places.
English | Nominative | Genitive | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|
Someone | keegi | kellegi | kedagi |
Something | miski | millegi | midagi |
Either | kumbki | kummagi | kumbagi |
A single (something) | ükski | ühegi | ühtegi |
Everyone, everything, all (singular) | kõik | kõige | kõike |
Everyone, everything, all (plural) | kõik | kõigi | kõiki |
Both | mõlemad | mõlema | mõlemat |
All of, the whole of | kogu | - | - |
Every | iga | iga | iga |
Continue to the exercises to practice pronouns in Estonian!
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Hi,
First of all, I would like to congratulate you on the decision to learn or improve a new language. Whether it is Estonian, English or Russian, beginner, advanced or Business language - you are in the right place.
My name is Martin and I am coming from a tiny country in the Northern Europe called Estonia. One of my biggest hobbies is teaching and educating others, that is why for the past 3 years I have been living and working in Istanbul while teaching English to different age groups: kindergarten, school, university as well as adults. I have had students from Beginners to Advanced as well as several businessmen and CEOs of international companies located in Istanbul. What is more, for the last 2 years I have been teaching Estonian, English and Russian online through Skype that gave me chance to meet people from all over the world and help them on their journey of learning foreign languages in a comfortable and enjoyable environment.
We are going to have a 20-30-minute trial lesson during which we can get to know each other, set expectations towards the lessons and schedule the timetable. The next step is simple - we start learning the language of your choice! As simple as it is :)
During the lessons we will focus on making you speak even with the limited vocabulary because speaking is the key to learning a new language quickly and in a fun way!
Cannot wait to receive your in-mail and help you on your journey to learn and speak a foreign language.
Martin
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Martin L was a really fun teacher to work with. I learned quite a lot, even within just an hour. They're very honest and straightforward, and communicate clearly, plus they made the material fun to learn (I was told to have understanding that making mistakes is just part of the deal, and to have fun with it!). In short, It was a blast, and I look forward to more lessons!
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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It is so hard to find a good Estonian language teacher, especially a Russian speaker. And another important thing, that Diana motivates so much.
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Hello guys! I've been teaching English for three years now, it all all started when I moved to Italy to be with my loving partner and become a father. I can teach any level form beginner to advanced, with your language goal in mind. I prefer to personalize lessons to individual students and my strengths are exam preparation and conversational English for those wishing to speak like a native.
I have a degree in History and I've taught in both private and public schools as well as a private tutor. Don't hesitate to reach out for a chat so we can start this journey together.
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Alexander is such a patient and dedicated teacher! We went through several useful expressions that enriched my toolbox of idiomatic linguistic structures. We also worked in detail on my pronunciation, which improved my confidence a lot while giving presentations at school! Everybody should start learning with Alexander right NOW!
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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Riina is a great teacher! I enjoy my lessons with her. Estonian is not the easiest language to learn, but she makes it fun while challenging. I'm looking forward to continuing my lessons!
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Hi,
First of all, I would like to congratulate you on the decision to learn or improve a new language. Whether it is Estonian, English or Russian, beginner, advanced or Business language - you are in the right place.
My name is Martin and I am coming from a tiny country in the Northern Europe called Estonia. One of my biggest hobbies is teaching and educating others, that is why for the past 3 years I have been living and working in Istanbul while teaching English to different age groups: kindergarten, school, university as well as adults. I have had students from Beginners to Advanced as well as several businessmen and CEOs of international companies located in Istanbul. What is more, for the last 2 years I have been teaching Estonian, English and Russian online through Skype that gave me chance to meet people from all over the world and help them on their journey of learning foreign languages in a comfortable and enjoyable environment.
We are going to have a 20-30-minute trial lesson during which we can get to know each other, set expectations towards the lessons and schedule the timetable. The next step is simple - we start learning the language of your choice! As simple as it is :)
During the lessons we will focus on making you speak even with the limited vocabulary because speaking is the key to learning a new language quickly and in a fun way!
Cannot wait to receive your in-mail and help you on your journey to learn and speak a foreign language.
Martin
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Oh my God! Every lesson with Martin is full of big news, about grammar and not only! Wooooooow! :-)
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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I have now completed 20 lessons with Riina. I can confidently say her classes grow with you. While it is clear that she has a progression of vocabulary and grammar concepts, each lesson is still individualized to fit your interests and questions. Starting as a complete beginner with no knowledge of Estonian meant that at first, everything was new and very challenging. However, Riina presented in a way that was easy to understand. As I have gained more understanding, the lessons have added more vocabulary and grammar concepts in a way that makes sense. There is always time for questions at the beginning of each lesson in case I think of any between lessons. Additionally, there has also been more Estonian spoken each lesson, based on my progress. I recommend Riina to anyone looking for an Estonian teacher, and I am looking forward to continuing lessons with her.
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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A wonderful teacher- patient, knowledgeable and so pleasant in communication! Was very flexible with scheduling a class at the last moment to accommodate me. Five stars all the way!
Diana B.It was a pleasure to meet Elena!❤️ She did so well pronouncing Estonian. The text was very complex but she handled it beautifully. All the best with your future endeavours!
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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Diana is a great Estonian teacher - patient, careful, and efficient. In addition to teaching competently, she encourages the student to enjoy the learning journey. I can't wait to take more classes. Suur aitäh!
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My name is Diana. I am a TESOL-certified English and Estonian online teacher with more than 5 years of professional and over 20 years of international voluntary teaching experience. During these years I taught professionally more than 3000 different students by helping them to achieve their goals and dreams. My students were from different age groups, levels and backgrounds.
In my classes, you will feel at ease, have a friendly atmosphere and look forward to your next lessons. My aim is to make classes effective and my goal is to help you to :
* Advance your communication skills
* Boost your communication efficiency by improving your accent and speaking clarity
* Achieve your desired language proficiency fast by using my effective and easy methods.
I tailor my teaching material according to your level and needs. As I strongly believe that no two students are alike and one teaching method that fits all is unfair and ineffective.
Looking forward to meeting you soon and emerging on a learning journey with you.
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Diana is a very professional teacher. Extremely patient and competent. She's always supporting and encouraging with her positive attitude. Looking forward to continue my study journey with her.
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I have a postgraduate degree (France) in Languages, Literature and Cultural Studies and I’m currently a freelance translator. I’ve previously worked at universities in France and abroad (South Africa/Australia) and have a solid experience in teaching (French Language, Literature, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Creative Writing, etc.), designing courses, evaluating and guiding students, preparing students for exams/job interviews/professional presentations, managing a Language and Literature department at the university, presenting papers at academic conferences worldwide, publishing, translating and journalism. Over the years, I’ve had the opportunity to teach people with different profiles and from various backgrounds: international professionals, university students, beginner translators and teachers, high school students, retirees, travellers, francophiles, children (help with homework), etc.
Being an open-minded, flexible and patient teacher, I enjoy helping others to discover their potential and to explore it. Adapting myself to my students' needs, pace and objectives is essential for me, and designing the best way to work with each student is very stimulating and rewarding.
After the initial introductory lesson, I will design customised lesson plans that will evolve as you progress. We can also, at any time during the programme, change our working method if you wish to do so. I remain very flexible in that regard.
The learning materials will be varied, and we will choose together the themes and aspects of French language to be covered, in line with your objectives. In any case, I am very attentive in general, so please don't hesitate to make any suggestions.
Regardless of your level and objectives, I'm sure that we can find the best way possible to share and enjoy this French language adventure together.
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Thank you, Priscilla, for helping me with my homework and especially with my written assignments! Priscilla explains the concepts clearly and concisely, including the internet connection is perfect. I would never have thought it possible to learn online as effectively as in person! For those who still have doubts: You need to start your French classes with Priscilla right now! :-)
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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Riina was kind enough to reschedule my trial lesson. She is a very well-spoken teacher. I would definitely recommend her and I look forward to more Estonian lessons.
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Hi everyone! My name is Anya. I'm m a professional Russian teacher from Russia with more than 8 years of experience.
I have worked at several language schools in my hometown. Currently, I only teach on Skype. Every day I work online with students of different ages from all over the world.
I'm very patient, and attentive in my approach. I don't let seemingly small things, like pronunciation issues, pass unnoticed. I can teach absolute beginners. I'm always exploring better and better techniques to help my students learn.
My teaching style is a combination of speaking practice and textbooks.
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Anna is an excellent teacher. Very knowledgable and kind. She gave me a free trial lesson due to a mixup in the payment methods. I look forward to the next lesson.
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Tere! I am a language teacher with more than ten years of experience. I have worked as a lecturer of Estonian language and culture at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in Ukraine, at the Tallinn University in Estonia and in numerous language schools. Currently, I am a freelance linguist based in Berlin and teach Estonian online.
It is important for me to introduce a language as a simple logical system that is easy to understand and use. As a teacher, I structure my classes and deliver knowledge in a clear and engaging way, combining theory with practice. Besides my endeavours to make my classes useful, I aspire to make them entertaining and fun, so that my students have a great time in the lesson. By teaching students from a wide range of learning techniques, I always try to provide a personal approach to each student and adapt to their needs, so that they are able to continuously improve their grammar and vocabulary.
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I can't really judge the learning methods after a trial lesson. The overall impression was positive. I look forward to further work with Riina.
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I am a native German speaker and am teaching English and German as foreign languages. I have got a teaching degree and have been teaching English and German for more than two years to all levels and age groups.
I personally prefer to speak in the learning language as much as possible and to focus on all four skills: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Moreover, I like to cover practical topics that can be used in your everyday life and make classes as diverse and dynamic as possible. Nevertheless, I am always open-minded to suggestions coming from students.
Concerning materials I like to use a course book and in addition worksheets, audios, videos, etc.
In case you have got any further questions, don't hesitate to contact me :)
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Anna is a very well prepared and good teacher. She is a good teacher, dedicated to teach you. Would recommend her for everyone who would like to learn German.
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