Dutch conjunctions
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This chapter will explain the Dutch conjunctions. You will learn what 'voegwoorden' (conjunctions) are and when to use them.
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction usually connects sentences (or sentence parts). Behind the conjunction there is often a comma, but this is not always the case. The Dutch language knows two kinds of conjunctions:
- Nevenschikkende voegwoorden (coordinating conjunctions)
- Onderschikkende voegwoorden (subordinating conjunctions)
Dutch coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions connect two equivalent sentences. A coordinating conjunction can also connect two separate words. The Dutch coordinating conjunctions are:
- en (and)
- maar (but)
- of (or)
- dus (so)
- want (because)
Each coordinating conjunction has its own function:
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| En | Indicates that something is happening at the same time. | Ik luister naar de radio en ik lees een boek. | I listen to the radio and I read a book. |
| Maar | Forms a contradiction. | Zij gaat graag op reis maar thuiskomen vindt ze ook fijn. | She likes to travel but she also enjoys coming home. |
| Of | Indicates that there is a choice. | Wil je pasta of wil je rijst? | Do you want pasta or do you want rice? |
| Dus | Used to give a conclusion. | Het regent dus we gaan naar het binnenzwembad. | It is raining so we go to the indoor pool. |
| Want | Used to give a reason. | Ik eet geen noten want ik heb een allergie. | I do not eat nuts because I am allergic. |
If you leave out the coordinating conjunction you would still have two correct sentences:
Ik luister naar de radio en ik lees een boek. (I listen to the radio and I read a book.)
- 1Ik luister naar de radio. (I listen to the radio.)
- Ik lees een boek. (I read a book.)
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Dutch subordinating conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction connects a main clause with a subclause. It would not be possible to make two good sentences without the conjunction.
The conjunction 'of' (or) can be coordinating as well as subordinating.
There are many subordinating conjunctions that have there own function.
1) Subordinating conjunctions of time
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wanneer | Indicates when something happens. | Hij mag zelf weten wanneer hij zijn huiswerk maakt. | He can decide himself when he makes his homework. |
| Als | Indicates a condition. | Je mag naar de bioscoop als je huiswerk af is. | You can go to the cinema if you finished your homework. |
| Terwijl | Shows that something is happening at the same time. | Ik maak een tekening terwijl jij een film kijkt. | I make a drawing while you watch a movie. |
| Zodra | Indicates that something will take place as soon as possible. | Zij komt naar de stad zodra ze klaar is met werken. | She comes to the city as soon as she has finished working. |
| Voordat | Indicates that something is happening before another event. | Voordat ik naar school ga, eet ik een boterham. | Before I go to school, I eat a sandwich. |
| Voor | Indicates that something is happening before another event. | Voor ik naar school ga, poets ik mijn tanden. | Before I go to school, I brush my teeth. |
| Nu | Indicates that something is happening now. | Het begint echt mooi te worden, nu de nieuwe meubels er zijn. | It really starts to get nice, now that the new furniture is there. |
| Toen | Indicates that something happened in the past. | Hij wilde net vertrekken toen de buurvrouw tegen hem begon te praten. | He was about to leave when the neighbor started talking to him. |
| Nadat | Indicates that something happened after another event. | Ik ga naar de bakker nadat ik bij de slager ben geweest. | I go to the bakery after I have been to the butcher. |
2) Subordinating conjunctions of a length of time
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zolang als | Indicates how long a particular event will last. | Het is druk op de weg zolang als de Duitsers naar hun vakantiebestemming rijden. | It is busy on the road as long as the Germans drive to their holiday destination. |
| Totdat | Indicates that something happened until another event occurred. | Het was rustig op de wegen in Frankrijk totdat de zomervakantie begon. | It was not busy on the roads in France until the summer break began. |
| Sinds | Indicates from when a particular action or event occurs. | Zij gaat elke week tennissen sinds ze lid is geworden van de club. | She plays tennis every week since she joined the club. |
3) Subordinating conjunctions of cause and effect
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Doordat | Indicates the cause of a particular event or action. | Ik kwam te laat, doordat de trein vertraging had. | I arrived late because the train was delayed. |
| Zodat | Indicates the effects of a particular event or action. | Hij heeft veel gesport zodat hij beter in zijn vel ging zitten. | He has done a lot of sports so he feels good in his own skin. |
| Zo ... dat | Indicates the effects of a particular event or action. | Hij heeft zo veel gesport, dat hij beter in zijn vel ging zitten. | He has done so much sporting that he feels good in his own skin. |
| Waardoor | Indicates the effects of a particular event or action. | Hij heeft veel gesport, waardoor hij beter in zijn vel ging zitten. | He has done a lot of sports, which made him feel good in his own skin. |
4) Subordinating conjunction of reason or purpose
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Omdat | Specifies the reason for a particular event or action. | Ik ga naar Den Haag verhuizen omdat ik daar ga werken. | I'm going to move to The Hague because I'm going to work there. |
| Zodat | Indicates the purpose of a particular event or action. | Vertrek op tijd naar Schiphol zodat we het vliegtuig niet missen. | Departure to Schiphol in time so that we do not miss the plane. |
5) Subordinating conjunctions of condition
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Als | Indicates the condition for a particular action or event. | Je mag naar het feest als je huiswerk af is. | You can go to the party if you finished your homework. |
| Indien | Indicates the condition for a particular action or event. (formal) | Je mag naar het feest indien je huiswerk af is. | You can go to the party if you finished your homework. |
| Mits | Specifies the condition for a particular action or event with emphasis. | Je mag naar het feest mits je huiswerk af is. | You can go to the party provided that you finished your homework. |
| Tenzij | Indicates that a particular action or event will continue except when the condition is not met. | Je mag naar het feest tenzij je huiswerk niet af is. | You can go to the party unless your homework is not finished. |
6) Subordinating conjunctions of opposition
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hoewel | Opposition | Ze drink melk hoewel ze een allergie heeft. | She drinks milk even though she has an allergy. |
| Ofschoon | Opposition | Hij wil graag naar het feest ofschoon hij ziek is of niet. | He would like to go to the party, even if he is ill or not. |
| Ondanks dat | Opposition | Hij wil graag naar het feest ondanks dat hij zich niet lekker voelt. | He would like to go to the party even though he does not feel well. |
7) Subordinating conjunction of comparison
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoals | Indicates that two things are the same. | Ik draag een T-shirt zoals dat van Emma. | I wear a T-shirt like Emma's. |
| Alsof | Indicates that something was not real, but that it was done as if it were. | Ze deden alsof ze geen Nederlands spraken. | They pretended as if they did not speak Dutch. |
8) Subordinating conjunction of indirect reason
Conjunction | Function | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dat | Indicates the certainty of a particular statement, action or event. | Zij zegt dat ze naar Parijs gaat. | She says she is going to Paris. |
| Of | Indicates the uncertainty of a particular statement, action or event. | Zij weet niet of ze naar Parijs gaat. | She does not know if she is going to Paris. |
Train your skills by doing the exercises below.
Exercises
Practice the Dutch conjunctions
Choose the sentence with the correct conjunctions in Dutch
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I have been interested in languages from an early age. That is why I have learned English, German, French and Spanish. But in my area I am mainly known for my excellent Dutch language skills and my eye for spelling and grammar.
Other things that interest me are cooking and baking and being creative. As a volunteer I have given guided tours and I have done workshops in both English and Dutch. I also love walking in nature or enjoying the beach and the sea!
I am currently learning Turkish, so I fully understand what you are experiencing as a language student. That’s why I am very patient. We practice as much as what you need. Is there something you don’t understand? Feel free to ask again, then we can approach the material in a different way so that it is clear for you.
I also know from experience how great it feels when you can communicate with someone in the local language! So let's go for this challenge together!
Your needs and progress as a student are central.
Please indicate before the first lesson what you would like to work on so that I can prepare myself for the lesson. A number of options are:
- Preparation for the integration course (inburgeringscursus)
Speaking, listening, reading and writing. Cultural and work-related topics.
- Beginners - Advanced (Personalized Lessons) Dutch
We can focus on every aspect of the language. When you want to learn from a book we can use your material or I will advise you which book you can purchase.
As a beginner you start with the basics, the alphabet and some basic words. We extend this so that you can start simple conversations in situations of everyday life and that you become an advanced!
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My lessons are professional, friendly, fun, I always adapt the style and time of teaching to the needs of the student. I prefer students who want to see the result and are willing to work on it regularly, because the student's result is also very important to me. I use the book Česky krok za krokem and several Italian books. In addition to this, I use many digital materials to make the lesson interesting.
For students who have little time and want to use their time effectively, I do WhatsApp lessons, where we talk 2-3 times a week for 15 minutes. You can choose the form of communication you prefer (message, call or voice recording) and you always receive feedback.
I also do asynchronous teaching where you study when and where you want. I send you the teaching material with a video, text and exercises and you have a week to do it. Of course you get feedback.
Are you interested in anything I offer? Do you want to study with me? Then write me a message and meet me on Teams or Google Meet. You have 15 minutes for free to get to know each other and set a goal of your own.
P. D.
I am learning Czech with Dita since a few weeks and I willingly recommend her. She has very good communication skills and she makes sure that the lessons are motivating. The lessons are a good mix of dialogues, reading and exercises. Of course there is also some grammar, but limited to what is needed, never too long.
Dita S.
Do you want to improve your Dutch for work and daily life in the Netherlands? I help young expats enhance their Dutch skills, so you can speak and write with more confidence. Not because you have to, but because you want to! My lessons are practical and focused on what you truly need, whether you’re a beginner or already at a higher level.
What you can expect:
Lessons for beginners to advanced learners (B2 to C1), with a methodical and structured approach
Exercises that fit your work and life in the Netherlands
Focus on building confidence and keeping your self-respect, as you find your place as a new resident
Long-term collaboration, aimed at lasting progress and making the most of your new country
In my lessons, you’ll not only learn the language but also how to communicate your unique value and fully use the opportunities in your new home. This way, you’ll get to know the Netherlands better and make your own special contribution!
Ready to improve your Dutch? Contact me and let’s explore the possibilities!
M. P.
Monique is a very sweet and very encouraging teacher. She is very clear in her language and has a good sense of her student's ability and progress. I enjoy studying and learning Dutch with her:)
Monique M.
Do you want to improve your Dutch for work and daily life in the Netherlands? I help young expats enhance their Dutch skills, so you can speak and write with more confidence. Not because you have to, but because you want to! My lessons are practical and focused on what you truly need, whether you’re a beginner or already at a higher level.
What you can expect:
Lessons for beginners to advanced learners (B2 to C1), with a methodical and structured approach
Exercises that fit your work and life in the Netherlands
Focus on building confidence and keeping your self-respect, as you find your place as a new resident
Long-term collaboration, aimed at lasting progress and making the most of your new country
In my lessons, you’ll not only learn the language but also how to communicate your unique value and fully use the opportunities in your new home. This way, you’ll get to know the Netherlands better and make your own special contribution!
Ready to improve your Dutch? Contact me and let’s explore the possibilities!
C. K.
Monique is fantastisch! We have been taking lessons since January to prepare for the Inburgeringexam and she has done a great job teaching and coaching us. Her approach, sense of humor, and clear communication make every class a treat. I highly recommend signing up for lessons with Monique!
Monique M.